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4.3.2. Oral speech — visual-and-graphic situation with things and objects of everyday practice to present grammatical point

The first stage

To organize the first-time presentation of the construction "there is/there are" things which are well-known to learners can be used e.g.: a purse, a bag, a pencil-box. The teacher supplies his/her talk with corresponding actions, mime, gestures, facial expressions and pauses.

" What is it ? — It is a pencil-box. Whose pencil-box is this ? This is Kolya 's pencil-box. Do you know what there is in it? What's there in the pencil-box? — There is a pen in the pencil-box." The teacher takes out the pen, shows it to the learners and puts it back into the pencil-box and says: "There's a pencil in the pencil box." "What else is there in the pencil-box?" And the teacher looks at the learners, his/her face expressing a question as to what can be found in the pencil-box. Then he/she makes a short pause and goes on. "There is a rubber here". Не/She takes it out and shows it to the learners and puts it back into the pencil-box. "There are two pens in the pencil-box. There is a pen with red ink. There is a pen with black ink in the pencil-box". Pronouncing each statement the teacher immeidiatly makes a corresponding action. The second stage

The teacher hangs a poster with a text on the wall. The text consists of the sentences used in the teacher's monologue above. The teacher reads them point­ing at the construction "there is/there are'. Volunteers read the text imitating the teacher. Then all the students read the text aloud one by one.

The third stage

Using the objects and things the teacher puts questions, and he/she answers them both in the affirmative and negative, learners imitating him/her.

The fourth stage

A task is given to learners to make up and write down many questions and answers with the construction "there is/there are " using their own pencil-boxes. Then they are asked to use them in their talk.

The fifth stage

The teacher tries to involve learners into active speech: "What is there in Lju-da's bag? Ljuda, will you show and tell us what there is in your bag?". Ljuda's actions and answers follow.

The teacher tries to involve other learners into the talk. "Is there a purse with money in your bag, Alia ?" "Igor, is there an apple in your bag ?", "Ann, take you bag, tell and show us what there is in it.", "Are there two or three books on Lena's desk ? Vanya, have a look at Lena's desk and tell us what there is on it".

The teacher asks the learners to think over and make as many affirmative and negative sentences with the construction "there is/there are " and write them down. After they are ready a free talk is organized.

The sixth stage

The teacher checks what has been understood by learners.

The sixth stage is over, there is to be started a consciously-raised mastering of the grammatical structure presented. The teacher explains the grammati­cal meaning of the construction, draws attention of the learners to its gram­matical markers and suggests corresponding drills and exercises. If it is not done, then the primary grammatical habit developed in learners during the oral speech-visual-and-graphic situation will fade out very soon.

Oral speech-visual-and-graphic situation with pictorial support to present