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- •Архитектура строительство
- •Part I unit 1 civil engineering
- •II. Read and translate the text. Civil Engineering
- •III. A few explanations to the text
- •IV. Answer the questions
- •VI. By your own words try to explain:
- •VII. Give as many words as you can to the word engineering
- •V. Read the text and tell the group what is a home for you? What is home? (after Ernestine Schumann-Heink)
- •Unit 2 construction works
- •II. Without translating find information in the text to the following questions.
- •Construction Works
- •III. Find English equivalents in the text.
- •IV. Translate the sentences.
- •Unit 3 some building professions
- •I. Listen, read and remember.
- •II. Scan the text for about 10 minutes and find the sentences with words from I Some Building Professions
- •III. A few explanations to the text.
- •IV. Read and translate the text « Some Building Professions». Give equivalent English phrases to the following Russian ones.
- •VII. Complete the sentences according to the text:
- •VIII. Tell the class about common building professions unit 4 modern building materials
- •II. A few explanations to the text.
- •III. Read and translate the text. Modern Building Materials
- •IV. Add the missing parts of the sentences from the text.
- •V. Translate into English, and find sentences in the text with following word-combinations.
- •VI. Tell the group about any of the building materials.
- •VII. Discuss different building materials from the text finishing the following phrases:
- •IX. Answer following questions. Then read the text and check your meanings.
- •Modern Building Materials
- •X. Translate following phrases.
- •XI. Write out international words out from the text and translate them without a dictionary.
- •XII. Add the missing parts of the sentences from the text
- •XIII. Share your opinion.
- •Unit 5 silicate industry
- •Silicate Industry
- •Unit 6 asbestos
- •Asbestos
- •Vocabulary
- •II. Read and translate the text and complete the sentences.
- •II. Read the following text. Prepare several questions for discussion and discuss them in your group.
- •Unit 8 architecture: its forms and functions
- •IV. Read the text and answer the following questions.
- •Architecture: Its Forms and Functions
- •V. Talk about architecture
- •VI. Speak about architecture. Use the following words:
- •Unit 9 bioclimatic architecture
- •I. Read a few explanations to the text
- •III. Read and translate the text. What Is Meant by "Bioclimatic Architecture"
- •Unit 10 from the history of building
- •I. Read a few explanations to the text
- •III. Find in the text equivalent English phrases to the following Russian
- •From the History of Building
- •IV. Explain in English the meaning of the following words:
- •V. Translate the extract into Russian
- •VI. Make a report about the history of building ant tell it in class.
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Choose the right sentence.
- •II. Complete the following sentences.
- •Text 2 great sphinx
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Choose the synonyms to the words in italics.
- •II. Circle a), b), or c) to complete the sentence.
- •Ancient greek architecture Warming-up
- •The athenian acropolis
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Complete the following sentences.
- •II. Choose the right adjective.
- •III. Choose the right form of the verb.
- •Roman architecture Warming up
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Choose the right sentence.
- •II. Circle a), b), or c) to complete the sentences.
- •Early christian and byzantine architecture Warming-up
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Choose the right word.
- •II. Choose the right sentence.
- •Vocabulary
- •Romanesque architecture
- •Lancet architecture Warming-up
- •Gothic cathedrals
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Complete the sentences.
- •II. Choose the right sentence.
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Complete the following sentences.
- •Text 2 The Renaissance style in England
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Choose the right form of the adjective.
- •II. Choose the right sentences.
- •III. Circle a), b), or c) to complete the following sentences.
- •Text 2.
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Choose the right verb.
- •Neoclassicism Warming-up
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Complete the following sentences.
- •The architecture of the turn of the centuries Warming up
- •Art nouveau
- •Vocabulary
- •I Choose the right sentence.
- •II. Complete the following sentences.
- •III. Answer the following questions. Only one variant is correct from the three choices.
- •The architecture of the 20th century Warming-up
- •Charles edouard (jeanneret) le corbusier
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Choose the appropriate adjective.
- •II. Complete the following sentences.
- •British architecture Buildings: first impressions
- •British architecture
- •Richard Rogers
- •Part III Amsterdam
- •Budapest
- •Helsinki
- •Wien Vienna
- •Оглавление
Vocabulary
search — поиск
onslaught — нападение, атака
serenity — ясность
to manifest — проявлять
exploration — изучение, исследование
crucial — решающий
emergence — появление
cradle — колыбель
to contribute — вносить вклад
to articulate — выделять
I. Complete the following sentences.
1. Stylistically this began with an onslaught on ...
a) Romanesque architecture
b) Greek architecture
c) Baroque architecture
2. The excavations of classical sites were held in Italy, Greece, and
a) Asia Minor
b) Egypt
c) India
3. The projects produced by the winners are characterized by ...
a) rich floral decorations
b) stained glass windows
c) a preference for blank walls
4. There were also the strict geometric organization and ...
a) simplicity of geometric forms
b) spatially complex compositions
c) massive walls and round arches
5. Neoclassicism emerged throughout Europe and in ...
a) Africa
b) Asia
c) America
The architecture of the turn of the centuries Warming up
1. When did Art Nouveau develop?
2. What outstanding architects of Art Nouveau do you know?
3. How is this style called in Russia?
Read the text and speak on the aesthetics of Art Nouveau.
Art nouveau
An individual and highly romantic reaction to the currents of eclecticism and academic classicism (Ecole des Beaux-Arts in late 19th century architecture) Art Nouveau was a diverse phenomenon which affected most of Europe and, some historians argue, even North America between 1890 and 1910. It was known at the time under a variety of rubrics — for instance, in England it was the "modern style", in Germany it was called the Ju-gendstil, in France it was known variously as the "style nouille" (noodle style), "style Guimard" (after Henry Guimard, who designed the decorative entrance to the Paris Metro Stations in 1899), or Art Nouveau. The Austrians named it Secessionsstil; in Italy it was the "stile Liberty" or "stile floreale", and in Spain "modernisme".
Often referred to simply as the style 1900, Art Nouveau expresses an essentially decorative trend that aims to highlight the ornamental value of the curved line, which may be floral in origin (Belgium, France) or geometric (Scotland, Austria). This line gives rise to two-dimensional, slender, undulating and invariably asymmetrical forms. The applied arts were the first to be affected (textiles by William Morris, 1880; wood-engraved title page to Wren's City Churches by Arthur H. Mackmurdo, 1883; vases by Emile Galle, 1884; ornamental lettering by Fernand Khnopff and Georges Lem- men, 1890-1; mural tapestry The Angels' Vigil by Henry van deVelde; 1893; furniture by de Gustave Serrurier-Bovy, 1891).
Among the most characteristic architectural products of Art Nouveau, widely differing in purpose and plastic expression, were: the houses built by Paul Hankar in Brussels (1893—1900); works of Willem Kromhout (1864-1940), Th. Sluyterman (1863-1931) and L. A. H. Wolf in the Netherlands; Guimard's Castel Beranger (1897—1898), entrances to Metro stations and the auditorium of the Humbert de Romans building (1902, destroyed) in Paris; Horta's Maison du Peuple (1896—1899, destroyed) and the former Hotel Solvay (1895—1900) in Brussels.
In Russia Art Nouveau is represented in the works of F. Shekhtel, (S. Ryabushinsky's Mansion (1900), the building for the newspaper "Utro Rossii" (Moscow, 1907).
All these works are the result of an attempt to put an end to imitations of past styles; in its place is offered a florid type of architecture, which exploits craft skills, using coloured materials (faience cabochons, stoneware, terracotta panels, stained glass), exotic veneers, moulded stonework, grilles, balconies, and tapered brackets in wrought iron; and burgeoning with asymmetrical door — and window-frames, bow and horseshoe windows, etc.
In the later phases of Art Nouveau, facade decoration was accompanied by a powerful plastic treatment of the whole building, either by the dramatic accentuation of individual parts of the structure (Glasgow Art School, 1898-1909, by Mackintosh) or by the sculptural modelling of the whole building mass (Werkbundtheater, Cologne, 1914 by van de Velde; Casa Mila, Barcelona, 1905—1910, by Gaudi).
Art Nouveau was first and foremost an aesthetic undertaking, based on social theories and inspired by aesthetes such as Ruskin, Morris and Oscar Wilde. It was born of a reaction to the rise of industrialism.
Distinguished architects of the Art Nouveau style, such as Mackintosh, Behrens and the Viennese masters became pioneers of modern architecture, it is true, but with their forward-looking buildings they overstepped the frontiers which the style had imposed upon its adherents.