- •Архитектура строительство
- •Part I unit 1 civil engineering
- •II. Read and translate the text. Civil Engineering
- •III. A few explanations to the text
- •IV. Answer the questions
- •VI. By your own words try to explain:
- •VII. Give as many words as you can to the word engineering
- •V. Read the text and tell the group what is a home for you? What is home? (after Ernestine Schumann-Heink)
- •Unit 2 construction works
- •II. Without translating find information in the text to the following questions.
- •Construction Works
- •III. Find English equivalents in the text.
- •IV. Translate the sentences.
- •Unit 3 some building professions
- •I. Listen, read and remember.
- •II. Scan the text for about 10 minutes and find the sentences with words from I Some Building Professions
- •III. A few explanations to the text.
- •IV. Read and translate the text « Some Building Professions». Give equivalent English phrases to the following Russian ones.
- •VII. Complete the sentences according to the text:
- •VIII. Tell the class about common building professions unit 4 modern building materials
- •II. A few explanations to the text.
- •III. Read and translate the text. Modern Building Materials
- •IV. Add the missing parts of the sentences from the text.
- •V. Translate into English, and find sentences in the text with following word-combinations.
- •VI. Tell the group about any of the building materials.
- •VII. Discuss different building materials from the text finishing the following phrases:
- •IX. Answer following questions. Then read the text and check your meanings.
- •Modern Building Materials
- •X. Translate following phrases.
- •XI. Write out international words out from the text and translate them without a dictionary.
- •XII. Add the missing parts of the sentences from the text
- •XIII. Share your opinion.
- •Unit 5 silicate industry
- •Silicate Industry
- •Unit 6 asbestos
- •Asbestos
- •Vocabulary
- •II. Read and translate the text and complete the sentences.
- •II. Read the following text. Prepare several questions for discussion and discuss them in your group.
- •Unit 8 architecture: its forms and functions
- •IV. Read the text and answer the following questions.
- •Architecture: Its Forms and Functions
- •V. Talk about architecture
- •VI. Speak about architecture. Use the following words:
- •Unit 9 bioclimatic architecture
- •I. Read a few explanations to the text
- •III. Read and translate the text. What Is Meant by "Bioclimatic Architecture"
- •Unit 10 from the history of building
- •I. Read a few explanations to the text
- •III. Find in the text equivalent English phrases to the following Russian
- •From the History of Building
- •IV. Explain in English the meaning of the following words:
- •V. Translate the extract into Russian
- •VI. Make a report about the history of building ant tell it in class.
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Choose the right sentence.
- •II. Complete the following sentences.
- •Text 2 great sphinx
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Choose the synonyms to the words in italics.
- •II. Circle a), b), or c) to complete the sentence.
- •Ancient greek architecture Warming-up
- •The athenian acropolis
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Complete the following sentences.
- •II. Choose the right adjective.
- •III. Choose the right form of the verb.
- •Roman architecture Warming up
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Choose the right sentence.
- •II. Circle a), b), or c) to complete the sentences.
- •Early christian and byzantine architecture Warming-up
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Choose the right word.
- •II. Choose the right sentence.
- •Vocabulary
- •Romanesque architecture
- •Lancet architecture Warming-up
- •Gothic cathedrals
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Complete the sentences.
- •II. Choose the right sentence.
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Complete the following sentences.
- •Text 2 The Renaissance style in England
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Choose the right form of the adjective.
- •II. Choose the right sentences.
- •III. Circle a), b), or c) to complete the following sentences.
- •Text 2.
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Choose the right verb.
- •Neoclassicism Warming-up
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Complete the following sentences.
- •The architecture of the turn of the centuries Warming up
- •Art nouveau
- •Vocabulary
- •I Choose the right sentence.
- •II. Complete the following sentences.
- •III. Answer the following questions. Only one variant is correct from the three choices.
- •The architecture of the 20th century Warming-up
- •Charles edouard (jeanneret) le corbusier
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Choose the appropriate adjective.
- •II. Complete the following sentences.
- •British architecture Buildings: first impressions
- •British architecture
- •Richard Rogers
- •Part III Amsterdam
- •Budapest
- •Helsinki
- •Wien Vienna
- •Оглавление
Vocabulary
to derive — происходить
remains — (зд.) руины
store — запас
treatise — трактат
pervasive — проникающий, распространяющийся повсюду
predilection — предпочтение
spatial — пространственный
surface — поверхность
to recast — придавать новую форму, переделывать
to consist (of) — состоять (из)
rear — расположенный сзади, задний
peculiarly — особенно
to obtain —- получать, приобретать
tenement — многоквартирный дом, сдаваемый в аренду
excavations — раскопки
to reveal — показывать, обнаруживать
with strict regard — со строгим учетом
to depend (on) — зависеть (от)
access — доступ
to admit — допускать, принимать
opening — отверстие
inscription — надпись
concrete —- бетон
precious — драгоценный
marble — мрамор
establishment — учреждение
magnificence — величие
facility — приспособление
accommodation — размещение
I. Choose the right sentence.
1. Pervasive Roman predilection was for spatial composition.
a) Spatial composition was seldom used by the Romans.
b) The Romans preferred spatial composition.
c) Roman architecture is characterized by the use of symmetrical composition.
2. The Latin word "villa" means a suburban house.
a) Villa is a country house.
b) It is a sumptuous residence.
c) The building is Roman in style.
3. The Pantheon is the greatest structure of antiquity.
a) The Pantheon is built of concrete.
b) The Pantheon is a circular temple.
c) The Pantheon is the masterpiece of antiquity.
II. Circle a), b), or c) to complete the sentences.
1. The domus consisted of...
a) three or four floors
b) suits of rooms grouped around a central hall
c) two or three rooms with few windows
2. Insulae were planned ...
a) to impress by their grandeur
b) around a colonnaded court
c) with strict regard to economy of space
3. Handrian's Villa at Tivoli was ...
a) a sumptuous residence with parks and gardens
b) a tenement house
c) a small country house
4. The rotunda and dome of the Pantheon are among the finest examples of...
a) the architecture of the ancient Mediterranean world
b) Roman concrete work
c) contemporary architecture
5. The Colosseum was the most important...
a) temple of antiquity
b) theatre of ancient Greece
c) amphitheatre of ancient Rome
Early christian and byzantine architecture Warming-up
1. When did Byzantine architecture develop?
2. What is the outstanding example of Byzantine architecture?
3. When did this style come to Russia?
4. What greatest Byzantine architects and artists do you know?
5. Can you give any examples of the Byzantine style in Russia?
Read the text about the Byzantine art of building
The art characteristic of the developed Byzantine Empire can be traced back to the period just before the reign of Justinian, c. AD 500. The style had enormous influence on both the East and the West. Early Byzantine art may to some extent be regarded as Roman art transformed under influence of the East. It reached a high point in the 6th century, rose again for a short time to new heights during the 11th and 12th centuries and still survives among Greek or orthodox communities.
The dominant Byzantine art was architecture. As in Early Christian times, the two chief types of church were basilican with a long colonnaded nave covered by a wooden roof and terminating in a semicircular apse and the vaulted centralized church with its separate components gathered under a central dome. Of the latter type, the chief examples are SS Sergius and Bachus (526, Constantinople), San Vitaly (526-547, Ravenna).
The outstanding example of a basilica which combined the longitudinal qualities of the basilica with the centralized volume of the martyrion was the church of Holy Wisdom (Hagia Sophia) in Constantinople.
Brick was the main material used for the construction of Byzantine churches. It was covered externally with plaster and internally with thin marble ladoes and mosaics above. Byzantine decoration was flat and incised in contrast to the bold modeling of western surfaces.
Byzantine architecture of the period of Hagia Sophia was markedly concerned with mathematics.
The historian Procopius wrote of the great church: "Through the harmony of its measurements it is distinguished by indescribable beauty".
By the 9th century, the Byzantine style was wide spread throughout the countries of the Near East and eastern Europe, where the Greek and Orthodox religion was followed and was beginning to appear in Russia (the Cathedral of St Sophia in Kiev).
These Byzantine churches followed the plan of a Greek cross, that is a central domed space with four short square arms (evolved c. 7th century). This form of church eventually became almost universal, focusing in the brilliantly lit central space which dissolved mystically into the dark screens and galleries in the arms of the cross.
Examples are to be seen in the small Metropolitan Cathedral in Athens and at churches in Daphni, Mistra, Salonica, and Stiris.