- •Text 1. History of economic thought
- •1Complete each sentence with a word or phrase from the box.
- •2 Now read the text again and decide whether these statements are true or false.
- •Exercises
- •1 Choose the correct answer a, b or c from the list below.
- •3. Discuss these questions with your partner.
- •Exercises
- •1.Complete each sentence with a word or phrase from the box.
- •Exercises
- •1.Match the words and phrases with the definitions.
- •2.Now read the text again and answer these questions in your own words in the space provided below.
- •3.Now listen and tick which transactions in the list are mentioned.
- •Exercises
- •1. Choose the correct answer a, b or c from the list opposite.
- •2. Now read the text again and choose the sentence which best summarises each paragraph.
- •3.Discuss this question with your partner.
- •Exercices
- •1.Match the words and phrases with the definitions.
- •2. Now read the text again and decide whether these statements are true or false. If the statement is false, correct it.
- •3.Discuss this question with your partner.
- •4. Try to complete this paragraph about autarchies by using words from the box.
- •Exercises
- •1.Match the words with the definitions.
- •2.Now read the text again and match each paragraph with the correct heading.
- •Exercises
- •Match the words and phrases with the definitions.
- •3. Discuss these questions with your partner.
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions.
- •2. Choose the necessary word and put in the sentence.
- •Exercises
- •1.Choose the correct answer a, b or c from the list opposite.
- •2. Now complete each sentence with words. Then listen and check your answers.
- •4. Discuss the following with your partner.
- •Exercises
- •1.Now read the text again and answer these questions in your own words in the space provided below.
- •2 Choose the correct answer.
- •In the real economy:
- •Exercises
- •I. Match the words with the definitions.
- •II.Now read the text again and complete the sentences below in your own words in the space provided.
- •III. Discuss these questions with your partner.
- •Dialogue
- •Exercises
- •1.Choose the necessary word and put it in the sentence.
- •Answer the questions.
- •Make transformations according to the model.
- •Exercises
- •Answer the questions.
- •2. Choose the necessary word and put it in the sentence.
- •Exercises
- •1. Change the sentences according to the model.
- •Make up the conditional sentences.
- •3. Answer the questions.
- •Exercises
- •Dialogue
- •Exercises
- •Exercises
- •1.Complete each sentence with a word or phrase from the box.
- •3 Now listen and complete the summary with words or numbers.
- •5. Give a two-minute talk on price. First make notes below on the following.
- •6. Imagine that you’ve got a good idea for an Internet commerce site (an Internet site which is also a business).Tell your friend what your idea is.
- •Dialogue
- •Change the sentences according to the model.
- •2. Change the sentences according to the model.
- •3. Answer the questions.
- •4. Make sentences interrogative and negative.
- •5. Choose the necessary modal verb and put it in the sentence.
- •1. Complete each sentence with a word.
- •Exercises
- •Dialogue
- •Exercises
- •Change the sentences according to the model.
- •3. Answer the questions.
- •Exercises
- •Dialogue
- •Exercises
- •I. Transform the sentences according to the model.
- •III. Answer the questions.
- •I. Answer the questions.
- •II. Select the necessary word in the sentence.
- •Dialogue
- •Exercises.
- •Exercises
- •I. Answer the questions.
- •Dialogue
- •Exercises
- •III. Answer the questions.
- •Exercises
- •1. Answers the questions.
- •2. Choose the necessary word and put.
- •3. Put the verbs in brackets into the proper present tense
- •Dialogue
- •Exercises
- •Transform the sentences according to the model.
- •Exercises
- •Exercises
- •II. Read the text again and choose the best answer or answers for each question.
- •Informal letter
- •Iy Work in groups of three or four. Imagine you and your friends are running the country.Things are not going well! Here are some of your problems.
- •Dialogue
- •Exercises
- •Give affirmative and negative answers to the questions.
6. Imagine that you’ve got a good idea for an Internet commerce site (an Internet site which is also a business).Tell your friend what your idea is.
PARAGRAPH 1
Thank your friend for his/her last letter. Make a comment about news that they told you in their letter. Tell them your news.
PARAGRAPH 2
Describe your idea for an Internet commerce site.
What product will you sell / what service will you provide?
PARAGRAPH 3
Explain how you got the idea. Say why you think it will work.
Dialogue
Dick introducing a new line of products and is talking to his friend Tom, a business consultant, about it.
Dick It’s the first time when I’m in business for myself.
Tom Don’t worry. The store has always been doing well. It has a great location and as far as your new line of merchandise...
Dick That’s what I wanted to talk to you about. Can you give some ideas how to charge the prices? With pleasure. Generally, there are two types of pricing policies. There is price emphasis and price deemphasis.
Dick What’s the difference?
Tom The price emphasis policy emphasizes low prices. This encourages sales. But low price doesn’t give extra services.
Dick So, a really low price means no credit, home delivery, repair, installation and other services.
Tom That’s what I mean. But many people are interested only in the low price and not in the extra services.
Dick Yes, and vice versa. The price which I set determines the number of sales. I must think thoroughly about it.
Tom A good example of price emphasis is “loss leader” pricing. It means that you choose one item – let’s say an electric razor – at a price just above the cost. The customers will come to your shop to buy this loss leader item. But since they are inside they can decide to buy a few other things they need.
Dick It sounds interesting. What other things can you tell?
Tom There is also off-even pricing. Let s say sell a tape recorder for $69.95 instead of $80.00. Though it is in fact about the same, the low price can produce a favorable psychological effect.
Dick What are the other ways to attract the customers?
Tom First of all, remember that you are going to compete with well-known products, so you should start with specially low prices. It’s important to advertise this. You should use newspaper ads, maybe a radio spot, maybe do a big window and floor display.
Dick It makes sense.
Tom And you can raise the price after your customers try a new brand get to know it and like it. They will continue to buy it.
Dick I see. And what is the price de-emphasis you mentioned before?
Tom It concerns high quality expensive items. Price de-emphasis means that you don’t call attention to the price at all.
Dick I know, it concerns our fine department or designer fashions.
Tom Yes. I see you are going to do very well.
Dick Your suggestions seem to be very useful. Don’t forget you have a discount on any shopping you do in my shop.
Tom In such a case I’ll be back tomorrow with my wife.
Exercises