- •International Law.
- •Unit 1. The main legal features of the international community
- •Introduction
- •The nature of international legal subjects
- •Traditional and new subjects
- •Vocabulary work
- •I. Find English equivalents to these word combinations
- •Complete these sentences with prepositions.
- •Match the words making pairs used in the text and use them in sentences of your own.
- •Grammar revision
- •IV. Translate these sentences into Russian. Pay attention to the underlined words.
- •Speaking
- •V. Answer the questions, using the information from the text
- •Insurgents
- •National liberation movements
- •VI. Find answers to the questions.
- •VIII. Render the text “Что понимается под субъектом международного права”into English.
- •IX. Using the diagram speak on the International Legal Subjects
- •International Law - Antonio Cassese
- •First edition 2001 - p.3-11, 46-55, 66-77
- •Unit 2. The fundamental principles governing international relations
- •Introduction
- •Immunities and other limitations on sovereignty
- •Rights and immunities of foreign states
- •General
- •New forms of intervention
- •Prohibition of the threat or use of force
- •Peaceful settlement of disputes
- •Sovereignty
- •Legal equality
- •Self-determination of peoples
- •Vocabulary work
- •Find English equivalents to these word combinations
- •Find words and expressions similar in their meaning to the following ones
- •Complete the sentences below with the words and phrases you have found in task II.
- •Complete these sentences with prepositions.
- •Use these nouns and verbs in sentences of your own, mind the stress.
- •Translate the sentences paying attention to the meaning of ‘subject’
- •Grammar revision
- •Translate these sentences into Russian. Pay attention to the underlined words.
- •Speaking.
- •Make up the plan of the text in the form of statements and develop it into a summary.
- •Read the text “Immunities of diplomatic agents” and answer the questions.
- •Immunities of diplomatic agents
- •What are the two classes of privileges and immunities which diplomatic agents enjoy?
- •Read the text “Immunities of consular agents” and say what activities consular agents perform and what immunities consular agents enjoy.
- •Immunities of consular agents
- •Render the text into English.
- •International Law - Antonio Cassese
- •First edition 2001 - p.86-113
- •Unit 3.
- •International lawmaking: custom and treaties traditional law
- •New trends
- •The role of usus and opinio in international humanitarian law
- •Do customary rules need, at their birth, the support of all states?
- •Treaties
- •Interpretation
- •Codification
- •The introduction of jus cogens in the 1960s the emergence of jus cogens.
- •The effects of jus cogens
- •Vocabulary work.
- •II. Match the words making pairs used in the text, and use them in sentences of your own.
- •III. Match these Latin words with their definitions.
- •IV. Match the synonyms and use them in the sentences of your own.
- •Grammar revision.
- •V. Translate the sentences into Russian. Pay attention to the underlined words.
- •Speaking
- •VI. Continue the sentences, using the phrases, given below.
- •VII. Answer the questions using the information from the text.
- •VIII. Complete diagrams a and b with the words and phrases given below. Then using these diagrams retell this part of the text “International Lawmaking.”(Custom and Treaties).
- •IX. Working in pairs make up one more diagram covering such parts of the text as “Codification” or “Jus Cogens. Other Law-Creating processes.”
- •X. Read the text and answer the questions.
- •International lawmaking: other law-creating processes (part I)
- •XI. Read the text and decide whether the statements are true or false.
- •International lawmaking: other law-creating processes (part II)
- •XII. Render the text into English.
- •International Law, Antonio Cassese
- •Unit 4. State responsibility
- •1 The current regulation of state responsibility: an overview
- •2 'Ordinary' state responsibility
- •3 'Aggravated' state responsibility
- •Vocabulary work
- •I. Give the English equivalents of the following word combinations
- •II. Match these words making pairs used in the text
- •III. Complete the sentences with prepositions
- •IV. Choose the right word
- •I. Translate into Russian the sentences
- •Decide whether the statements are true or false. Discuss the answers in groups.
- •II. Give extensive answers to the questions making use of the following expressions
- •III. Summarizing
- •IV. Render the text into English ответственность в международном праве Что понимается под международно-правовой ответственностью и когда она наступает?
- •Несут ли субъекты международного права международно-правовую ответственность за деяния своих органов и должностных лиц?
- •Unit 5. Legal attemps at narrowing the north-south gap
- •1 The action of the world community: general
- •2 The role of international economic institutions
- •Vocabulary work
- •I. Give the English equivalents of the following word combinations
- •II. Match the words making pairs used in the text
- •III. Complete the sentences with prepositions
- •IV. Choose the right word
- •I. Translate from English into Russian
- •I. Match the parts of the sentences
- •II. Give extensive answers to the questions making use of the following expressions
- •1 Multilateral co-operation for development
- •Unit 6. The implementation of international rules within national systems relationship between international and national law
- •Modalities of implementation
- •Vocabulary work
- •I. Give the English equivalents to the following word combinations
- •Match these words making pairs used in the text, use them in the sentences of your own
- •Complete the sentences with prepositions.
- •IV. Analyse the meanings of the words. Complete the sentences by choosing the correct word in each case.
- •I. The formal subject expressed by ‘it’. Translate into Russian the sentences with impersonal ‘it’.
- •II. Translate into Russian. Pay attention to the underlined word combinations.
- •I. Decide whether these statements are true or false. Discuss the answers in groups.
- •Give extensive answers to the questions making use of the following expressions.
- •III. Summarizing. Write the plan of the text in the form of statements. Develop your plan into a summary.
- •IV. Render the text into English using the active vocabulary
- •Supplementary reading the rank of international rules within domestic legal orders
- •I. Comment on the diagram. Make use of the helpful phrases.
- •Trends emerging among the legal systems of states
- •1 . Modalities of implementation
- •2 . The rank of international rules, within domestic legal orders
- •Exigencies motivating states in their choice of the
- •Incorporation system
- •Techniques of implementation
- •Treaty law
- •I. Analyse the ways of implementing rules within the frame of international public law using the given phrases. Complete the missing information on the mind map.
- •Techniques of implimentation
- •Information for reports, presentations, discussions:
Supplementary reading the rank of international rules within domestic legal orders
A survey of national legislation and case law shows that some States tend to put the international rules incorporated into the national legal system (whether automatically or through ad hoc legislative enactment) on the same footing as national legislation of domestic origin. As a consequence, the general principles governing relationships between rules having the same rank apply: a subsequent law repeals or modifies or at any rate supersedes a previous law. a special law prevails over a general law. a subsequent general law does not derogate from a prior special law. It follows that the national legislature may at any time pass a law amending or repealing a rule of international origin. True, in this case the State, if it applies the national law in lieu of the international rule, incurs international responsibility for a breach of international law. The fact remains, however, that the international rule is set aside by a simple act of parliament.
In contrast, other States tend to accord international rules a status and rank higher than that of national legislation. Such an approach is normally linked to the nature of their national constitution. Where the constitution is 'flexible' (that is, it can be amended by an simple act of parliament), or in any case the principle of legislative supremacy obtains, the only way of giving international rules overriding importance would be to entrench them, so that it is not possible for legislation passed by simple majority to modify them. Such a course of action, however, does not seem to have occurred so far in those States which have a 'flexible' constitution.
EXIGENCIES MOTIVATING STATES IN THEIR CHOICE OF THE INCORPORATION SYSTEM
States tend to regulate national incorporation of international rules on the basis of two different requirements. First, they may have to choose between a statist (or nationalist) and an internationalist approach. Second, they may have to take into account the question of the relationship between the executive and legislative branch of government, and shape the mechanism for implementing international law accordingly.
States choosing a statist or nationalist approach incline (i) to adopt legislative ad hoc incorporation and (ii) to put international rules on the same footing as national legislation of domestic origin. In contrast, States taking an international outlook tend (i) to opt for the automatic incorporation (whether standing or ad hoc) of international rules and (ii) to accord international rules a status and rank higher than that of national legislation.
States often take into account a second requirement, which concerns the general question of reserving to the legislative branch a competence that belongs to it alone and not to the executive branch. In those States where the government (chiefly the foreign ministry) makes international treaties without any parliamentary participation, a special problem may arise in two sets of circumstances: (i) whenever the treaty covers areas that come within the purview of the legislature. (ii) whenever parliaments do not play any role, or play a limited role, in the decision to be bound by a treaty. In the first case, it is necessary to prevent the government from bypassing parliament by making a treaty and having it incorporated into national legislation without going through parliament. Hence, in these countries the intervention of parliament is always required for the treaty to be transformed into national legislation. Consequently, these countries do not opt for the automatic standing incorporation of treaties, but rather for the ad hoc incorporation (whether legislative or automatic). In other words, parliament may be required to enact a special law either setting out in detail the various rules contained in the treaty or simply enjoining all the relevant State agencies and the individuals concerned to abide by the treaty.
In the second case, where parliaments are excluded from the decision on whether or not to be bound by a treaty, to enable parliaments to exercise some control over foreign policymaking it may be required that they formally give their consent to the incorporation of the treaty, for the treaty to take effect at the municipal level.
to derogate from – частично отменять
in lien of - вместо
to accord a status – предоставлять статус
to entrench rules – закрепить нормы
on the same footing – на равных основаниях
to opt for sth – делать выбор в пользу ч-л