2. Topical vocabulary

1.	in the former	бұрын
2.	implicit	меңзелетін
3.	to hold the approach	көзқарастарды ұстану
4.	approach	ыңғай, көзқарас
5.	provisionally	уақытша
6.	list	тізім, тізімдеме
7.	vertical	тік
8.	horizontal	көлденең
9.	demand curve	сұраныстың (қисық) сызығы
10.	to slope down	төмен түсу
11.	downward	төменге бағытталған
12.	to signify	білдіру, көрсету
13.	array	алуан, көптеген
14.	shift	өзгеріс, қозғалыс
15.	entire	бүтін, тұтас
16.	to augment	көбейту, ұлғайту
17.	volume	мөлшер, көлем
18.	to substitute	ауыстыру, алмастыру
19.	substitute	ауыстырушы, алмастырушы
20.	complement	толықтырушы
21.	inferior goods	сапасы төмен тауарлар
22.	amount	мөлшер
23.	inflationary	инфляциялық
24.	to affect	ықпал ету, ықпалды болу
25.	storable commodities	сақтау мерзімі ұзақ тауарлар
26.	self-fulfilling	өздігінен орындалатын
27.	to fluctuate	құбылу, өзгеру
28.	stock demand	биржа сұранысы
29.	flow demand	ағымдық сұраныс, ағымдағы сұраныс

Ex.1. Read and summarize the text.

Ex.2. Answer the following questions.

1) What is “demand”?

2) What is the current theory of demand based on?

3) What prominent economists contributed to the development of the theory

of demand?

4) How is it possible to show the interrelation of price and quantities

consumed?

5) What is “Giffen effect”?

6) What is Vehien effect?

7) What are increases or decreases in demand?

8) What does the shift to the right of the demand curve mean?

9) What are possible causes of the process?

10) What does the shift to the left of the demand curve mean?

11) Are there exceptions to the general rule?

12) How does price expectation affect demand?

Ex.3. Translate into Kazakh:

1.Much economic analysis focuses on the relation between prices and quantities demanded. 2. Marshall viewed demand in a cardinal context, in which utility could be quantified. 3. Consumption or demand is primarily, but not exclusively, a function of prices. 4. With price on the vertical axis and quantity on the horizontal axis, the demand curve slopes downward from left to right.5. Innumerable studies of demand in actual markets having demonstrated the existence of downward-sloping demand curve. 6. Changes in demand are shifts or movements of the entire demand curve. 7. Inferior goods are those goods and services bought in smaller amounts as consumer incomes rise. 8. In an uncertain economy, especially an inflationary one, price expectation can affect demand.

Ex.4. Fill the gaps with the words.

a) The publishing house’s new _____is a color daily newspaper.

b) The plant_____ a new model of car every spring.

c) The ___ of this worker has gone down over the last 5 years.

d) 486 computer is not as ____ as Pentium III.

e) The _____ of computers make huge investments in their industries.

f) The Board of Governors of State of New York has come to a decision to decrease the _____ of cheap products.