- •Предисловие
- •Text study
- •Language practice
- •I. Mind the use of the words: economy, economics, economic, economical, economize.
- •II. Complete the blanks.
- •III. In these sentences, certain nouns are printed in bold. Change them into adjectives which can be used in the blanks.
- •IV. Say whether these statements are true or false, and if they are false say why.
- •V. Answer these questions.
- •Unit 2 the business environment Word list
- •Text study
- •Language practice
- •I. Match the words their definitions
- •II. Complete the sentences below using the information of the text
- •III. Say whether these statements are true or false, and if they are false say why.
- •IV. Answer the following questions
- •Unit 3 some economic laws Word list
- •Text study
- •Language practice
- •I. Mind the use of the words.
- •II. Complete the blanks
- •III. Insert a suitale preposition.
- •IV. Say whether these statements are true or false, and if they are false say why.
- •V. Answer these questions.
- •Unit 4 money Word list
- •Text study
- •Language practice
- •I. Mind the following words and phrases.
- •II. Complete the blanks.
- •III. Form all possible combinations using the words of both columns.
- •IV. Say whether these statements are true or false, and if they are false say why.
- •V. Answer these questions.
- •Unit 5 central banking system Word list
- •Text study
- •Language practice
- •I. Mind the use of the words: requirements, deposit, check clearing, reserves, assets.
- •II. Complete the blanks.
- •III. In these sentences certain nouns are printed in bold. Give derivatives of them and fill in the blanks.
- •IV. Say whether these statements are true or false, and if they are false say why.
- •V. Answer these question.
- •Unit 6 markets Word list
- •Text study
- •Language practice
- •I. Mind the use of the words: vary, variable, varied, various, variety, variation.
- •II. Complete the blanks.
- •III. Match the verbs from (a) with the nouns from (b):
- •IV. Say whether these statements are true or false, and if they are false say why.
- •V. Answer these questions.
- •Unit 7 fair Word list
- •Text study
- •Language Practice
- •I. Mind the following words and phrase.
- •II. Complete the blanks.
- •III. In these sentences certain nouns are printed in bold. Give derivatives of them and fill in the blanks.
- •IV. Say whether these statements are true or false, and if they are false say why.
- •V. Answer these questions.
- •Unit 8 advertising Word list
- •Text study
- •Language Practice
- •I. Mind the following words advertising, advertisement, publicity, public relations, ads, brand, promote, trademark.
- •II. Complete the blanks.
- •III. Make nouns from the following verbs:
- •IV. Say whether these statements are true or false, and if they are false say why.
- •V. Answer these questions.
- •Unit 9 organization of business Word list
- •Text study
- •Language practice
- •I. Match the words their definitions.
- •II. Complete the sentences below using the information of the text.
- •III. Say whether these statements are true or false, and if they are false say why.
- •IV. Answer the following questions.
- •Unit 10 business finance and growth Word list
- •Text study
- •Language practice
- •I. Match the words their definitions.
- •II. Complete the sentences below using the information of the text.
- •III. Say whether these statements are true or false, and if they are false say why.
- •IV. Answer the following questions.
- •Unit 11 production Word list
- •Text study
- •Language practice
- •I. Match the words to their definitions.
- •II. Complete the sentences below using the information of the text.
- •III. Say whether these statements are true or false, and if they are false say why.
- •IV. Answer the following questions.
- •Unit 12 accounting Word list
- •Text study
- •Profit and Loss account
- •Balance Sheet
- •Language practice
- •I Match the words to their definitions.
- •II. Complete the sentences below using the information of the text.
- •III Say whether these statements are true or false, and if they are false say why.
- •IV Answer the following questions.
- •Unit 13 human relations and work Word list
- •Text study
- •Language practice
- •I. Match the words to their definitions.
- •II. Complete the sentences below using the information of the text.
- •III. Say whether these statements are true or false, and if they are false say why.
- •IV. Answer the following questions.
- •Unit 14 marketing Word list
- •Text study
- •Language practice
- •I. Match the words to their definitions.
- •II. Complete the sentences below using the information of the text.
- •III. Say whether these statements are true or false, and if they are false say why.
- •IV. Answer the following questions
Text study
A basic understanding of economics is essential if we are to be well informed citizens.
It is characteristic of any society that while wants of people are growing constantly, the economic resources required to satisfy these wants are limited and scarce. Economic resources may be classified as material resources (raw materials and capital) and labour resources (labour force and entrepreneurship). Scarcity of resources makes it necessary to save them. As a result any economic system is trying to find most of utilizing resources for the production of goods and services.
Economic environment is determined by the economic policies of the government, fiscal and monetary policies being the major factors.
Economics is the social science that studies the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services. The term economics comes from the Greek for oikos (house) and nomos (custom or law).
Areas of economics may be classified in various ways, but an economy is usually analyzed by use of microeconomics or macroeconomics. Macroeconomics examines the economy as a whole. It deals with the performance, structure and behavior of a national or regional economy as a whole.
In contrast, microeconomics is primarily focused on the activity of individual agents, such as firms and consumers, and how their behavior determines prices and quantities in specific markets.
The science of economics is based upon the facts of our everyday lives. The great American economist Paul said that every economic society has to answer three fundamental questions, what how and for whom. What? What goods are to be produced with the scarce resource: clothes, food, cars, submarines, television sets? How? We have basic resources of labour, land, how should we combine them to produce the goods and services which we want? For whom? Once we have produced goods and services we then have to decide how to distribute them among the people and the economy.
Modern economics has tried to take account not only of the output of economic goods but also of economic such as pollution (ecological economics).
Welfare economics is a branch of economics that uses microeconomic techniques to determine the allocative efficiency within an economy and the income distribution associated with it. It examines the economic activities of the individuals that comprise society.
Language practice
I. Mind the use of the words: economy, economics, economic, economical, economize.
1. 5,3 million people contribute to the economy of Belarus. Britain’s economy is increasingly based on services. 2. Economy can also mean the deliberate saving of money through carefully – controlled spending. 3. Economics is the scientific study of a society’s money, industry and trade. She studied economics at the University. Economics is a singular noun. 4. Economic means related to the economy: The 2011s and 2012s were a period of economic crisis. 5. If something is economical it does not require a great deal of money to operate: The electric car is more economical in its use of energy than an ordinary one. 6. The verb «economize» means to save money: Many try to economize on fuel.