III. Complete the sentences:

1. The purpose of a bridge is to ... .

2. The main thing for the engineer to consider is ....

3. The components of a bridge are ....

4. The three main types of bridges are ....

5. The materials used for bridge building are ....

6. Casting in situ means ....

IV. Match the type of bridge to its definition.

1. Arch bridge a) A bridge supported by a series of connected

bents made of timbers, pilings or steel beams

placed upright and thoroughly braced.

2. Cantilever bridge b) A bridge, using the arch as its basic load-

bearing element. On large bridges the arch acts as a support for a flat deck.

3. Drawbridge c) A bridge in which the deck is hung from

cables stretched across the space and supported

by towers on the banks.

4. Pontoon bridge d) General term for a bridge than can be moved- moved - by lifting or swinging.

5. Suspension bridge e)A bridge in which two solidly anchored cantilever arms reach out from the sides of the

space to be bridged and support with their ends

the center span of the bridge.

6. Trestle bridge

f) A bridge supported on flat-bottomed boats

or floating rafts of various materials. The

pontoons are moored to the riverbed.

V. Complete the phrases by filling in the proper word:

plastic, firm, bold, downward, steel, stable, dead, continuous, hydraulic, powerful, careful, soft

1. ... strategy 5. ... beam 9. ...jack

2. ... crane 6. ... pressure 10. ...material

3. ...silt 7. ... load 11. … calculations

4. ... ground 8. ...rod 12. ... foundation

Bridge types. Upper, simply supported beam (left) and continuous beam (right); center, balanced cantilever; lower, stone arch. Arrows represent thrust.