- •Приволжский филиал
- •«Российская академия правосудия»
- •Оглавление
- •We Belong to the Family 9
- •Jurisdiction of the Federal Subjects 84 Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation
- •Identifying self and others
- •We belong to the family
- •What kind of place do you live in?
- •Cramming for success: study and academic work
- •Study and Exams
- •The Writing Process and Evaluation
- •Aspects of Higher Academic Study
- •Legal eagles
- •Where Legals Dare
- •4. Give English equivalents for…
- •My opposite number
- •What do you do? Where do you work? What do you do there?
- •Text One: Daily Work Routines
- •Text Two: during the day (Different Work-Patterns)
- •Other types of policing
- •Us attorneys
- •Security work
- •The purpose of state punishment
- •Robbery
- •Thieves Steal Vanderfill Jewels
- •Types of Theft.
- •Joyriding and car jacking
- •Sorting out crimes.
- •The smuggler
- •Making a getaway
- •Foiling robberies
- •Successful or unsuccessful?
- •Witnesses and their testimony appear in court, witness, call a witness, grass, grass on someone, supergrass, incriminate, give evidence, give testimony, testify
- •Types of Witness
- •Requests with imperatives and modals
- •Shootings, stabbings, murder
- •Packing a Piece
- •Grammar material: Future Indefinite Tense
- •Awaiting a trial
- •The Survey of Crimes
- •General Terminology
- •The infinitive after nouns
- •The indictment and the charges
- •Types of crimes.
- •Conviction
- •Lawyers Uncover Big Divide in Nation’s Jail Terms
- •Prosecution and defense
- •1. Answer the questions?
- •Guilty or not guilty
- •Reaching a verdict jury, deliberate, juror, reach/deliver a verdict, unanimous, majority verdict
- •Acquittal
- •Terms of acquittal
- •Imelda Marcos Acquitted
- •Appeals
- •Tv Raid Copycat
- •Capital punishment
- •Hanging Vote
- •2. Choose the correct verbs to fill the gaps.
- •Corporate conflict
- •Limp Handshake
- •Beauty Who Ran up a Beastly Debt: Nui Onoue
- •Equality and the law
- •Due process
- •An outline of lawmaking process
- •United States
- •The constitution and the bill of rights
- •The constitution of the russian federation
- •Judicial system of the russian federation General Provisions
- •The Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation
- •The State Duma
- •The Federation Council
- •Legislative Process
- •The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation
- •The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation
- •The Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation
- •Office of the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation
- •Federal Jurisdiction and Jurisdiction of the Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation Jurisdiction
- •Federal Jurisdiction
- •Joint Jurisdiction
- •Jurisdiction of the Federal Subjects
- •Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation State, Legislative and Executive Authorities
- •Internet and e-mail
- •The numerals Cardinal Numerals
- •Ordinal Numerals
- •Fractional Numbers
- •Список используемой литературы
- •Ватлецов Сергей Германович the language of law Учебно-методическое пособие
Cramming for success: study and academic work
‘Leadership and learning are indispensable to each other.’
US President John F. Kennedy
Study and Exams
Before an exam you can revise or cram [study intensively for a short time] for it. If the exam happens every year, you can look at the past papers [exam papers from the previous years]. Some things can be memorized or learned by heart. But rote-learning [learning purely by repetition] is not sufficient for most subjects. It is also possible to use mnemonics [[ni’moniks] tricks that help you remember something]. But tricks alone are not enough, and the best idea bury yourself in your books [spend the maximum time studying] until you know the subject inside out [know it completely].
Written works for courses, etc.
Work |
Description |
Composition |
could be just 50-100 words, often used to refer to children’s work. |
Essay |
longer than a composition, more serious, hundreds or even thousands of words. |
Assignment |
a long essay, often part of a course, usually thousands of words. |
Project |
like an assignment, but emphasis on student’s own material and topic. |
Portfolio |
a collection of individual pieces of work, not necessary written. |
Dissertation* |
a long, research-based work, perhaps 10-15,000 words, for a degree or diploma. |
Thesis |
A very long, original, research-based work, perhaps 80-100,00 words, for a higher degree (e.g. PhD). |
*American English prefers a doctoral dissertation, master’s thesis; British English prefers a doctoral thesis, master’s dissertation/master’s essay.
The Writing Process and Evaluation
It is a good idea to start with a mind-map [diagram that lays out ideas for the topic and how they are connected to one another] when preparing an assay. Always write a first draft [first, rough version] before writing up the final version. Your essay should be all your own work; plagiarism [[‘pleijarizm] using other people’s work as if it was yours] is a very serious offense in most colleges and universities. There is usually a deadline [date by which you must hand in the work]. After the essay is submitted [formal, handed in], it will be assessed [evaluated and given a grade] and usually you can get feedback [comments from the teacher/tutor].
Aspects of Higher Academic Study
University academics carry out research and are expected to read academic journals [≠ magazines], which publish papers/articles on specialized subjects. Academic study can be very demanding and intensive, and some students drop out/flunk out [leave the course before the end because they cannot cope], but the majority survive till finals [the last exams before receiving a degree].
Rewrite this short text using words and phrases from the texts above instead of the underlined words.
When I’m preparing intensively for an exam, I don’t see any point in looking up exam papers from previous years, nor is there any point in just learning things by memory. I know some people develop very clever memory tricks to help them remember material, but there’s no real substitute for re-reading and going over the term’s work. It’s a good idea to have some sort of diagram to organize your ideas, and memory-learning is useful, but in a limited way. At the end of the day, you must have to read a huge amount until you feel you know the subject 100 per cent.
Here are some idiomatic expressions about studying and exams. Use the context to guess what they mean and choose the right answer.
It’s very easy to fall behind with your studies (group) if you miss even a few classes.
a) stay close behind other studies b) find yourself far behind other students
c) get ahead of other students
2. She seemed to just breeze through the exams. Everyone else was in such a panic and almost had nervous breakdowns.
a) do them calmly and efficiently b) not take them seriously c) cheat in them
3. I just can’t seem to get the hang of English prepositions. Just when I think I’ve learnt them I make new mistakes.
a) memorize b) understand c) enjoy
4. When I sat down and looked at the exam paper my mind just went blank. Everyone else seemed to be writing away quite happily.
a) became confused b) became very focused c) became empty