Контрольні питання
* Другий рівень – середній. Знати слова та словосполучення з теми та вміти використовувати в реченнях; знати основні поняття та правила.
** Третій рівень – достатній. Знати основні визначення, поняття та правила. Вміти використовувати їх в зв’язному мовленні. Відповідати на питання.
*** Четвертий рівень – високий. Визначати проблемні питання. Вміти логічно та вільно висловлюватися в межах вивчених тем.
Lesson 5-6 What Dо Есоmists Dо? Perfect Tenses. Neologisms. The Numeral.
*Task I. Learn the new vocabulary
to deal with мати справу з
available наявний
to suggest пропонувати
efficient ефективний
employee службовець
to predict передбачити
event подія
issue спірне питання, проблема
involve включати, мати на увазі
solution рішення
scarcity нестача, дефіцит
cost вартість, витрати
benefit користь, прибуток, пільга
Task II. Translate the following word-combinations:
To deal with the problem, scarcity and choice, To develop methods for studying, To use the available resources, to do business, to employ workers, ways to solve problems, simplified statement, economic events, basic principles, to predict the price, to go up, to result in price increase, to involve politics, rate of unemployment, to creat jobs, to provide benefits.
Task III. Differentiate the meaning of the words.
To employ – to give some work
Our company employs more than 6 hundred workers.
An employer – smb who suggests you a work.
The demands of your employer are very strict.
An employee – a worker
The employees of this company are high paid.
Employment – applying for а job .
The possibility of your employment is very high.
Unemployment – being without work
The rate of unemployment in Ukraine is increasing.
.
**Task IV. Read the text and translate the text:
What do Economists Do?
We have seen that economics deals with the problems of scarcity and choice that have faced societies and nations throughout history, but the development of modern economics began in the 17th century. Since that time economists have developed methods for studying .and explaining how individuals, businesses and nations use their available economic resources. Large corporations use economists to study the ways they do business and to suggest methods for making more efficient use of their employees, equipment, factories and other resources. The United States government also employs economists to study economic problems and to suggest ways to solve them.
You will discover that economists deal with two worlds: the "world that is, "and the "world that ought to be." Economists have developed and generally agree on basic economic principles and models that try to explain or describe the "world that is." An economic model is any simplified statement, diagram, or formula used to understand economic events. For example, economists can use basic principles like the laws of supply and demand and simple economic models to predict that the price of coffee in the United States will go up after a freeze destroys much of the Brazilian coffee crop. All economists would agree that the freeze would result in a price increase, but predicting the size of the increase would depend on the quality of the economist's model. "
In many cases, however, economic issues cannot be solved with theories and models alone. Solutions to these problems involve opinion, politics, and personal values. For example, what ought to be done about the high rate of teenage unemployment? Economists will agree that unemployment is bad. As a solution to that problem, one economist might propose that government create jobs for teenagers. Another will oppose this step, suggesting instead that the problem of teenage unemployment would be solved if employers were allowed to pay teenagers lower wages than they must pay adult workers.
How would you solve the problem of teenage unemployment? Would you change the minimum wage? Create a lower "training wage"? Provide special benefits to companies that hire teens? Support a government "Youth Service Corps"? Analyze the costs and benefits of these and other solutions to the problem
.
*Task V. Do these statements correspond the text ?
1. Economics deals whit the problems of scarcity and nations.
2. The Development of modern economics began in the 18 century.
3. Large corporations use economists to study the ways they do business.
4. Economists have 'developed and generally agree on basic economic principles and models that try to explain "the world that ought to be".
5. An economic model is a formula used to understand technological process.
6. The basic principles like the laws of supply and demand are used to predict prices.
7. Predicting the size of the increase depend on the qualify of the economy model.
8. Economic issues are solved, with theories and models alone.
9. Solutions to these problems involve opinion, politics and personal values.
**Task VI. Give the English equivalents to the following:
Дефіцит та вибір, платити нижчі зарплати, проблема підліткового безробіття, витрати та прибутки, винаймати на роботу, залежати від якості економічної моделі, прогнозувати розмір зростання, вирішення проблеми, економічні закони, ефективне використання робітників, включати політику та особистісні цінності, створювати робочі місця, економічні події, високий ступінь безробіття
**Task VII. Answer the questions on the text:
What does the subject of economics deal with?
What methods have the economists developed?
What do large corporations use economists for?
Have economists developed the main economic principles and models? What are they?
What can economic issues be solved with?
In what way can be the problem of unemployment be solved? Give your own solutions?
**Task VI. Translate into English.
1. Економісти вже розробили методи вивчення і пояснення як бізнесмени використовують економічні ресурси.
2. Великі корпорації використовують працю економістів.
3. Український уряд спрямовує роботу економістів для вивчення економічних проблем і пропонує шляхи для їх розв'язання.
4. Економічна модель - це формула яка використовується, щоб зрозуміти економічні події.
5. Економісти використовують основні принципи, такі як попит і пропозиція, і прості економічні моделі.
6. Ви ознайомитеся не тільки з економічною теорією, а також будете використовувати свої знання на практиці.
|
Active |
Passive |
Present |
have(has)+Ved (III) He has solved the problem. |
have(has) been + Ved (III) The problem has been solved. |
Past |
had+Ved (III) He had solved the problem before we came. |
had been + Ved (III) He said that the problem had been solved. |
Future |
will have Ved (III) He will have solved the problem by tomorrow. |
will have been + Ved (III) The problem will have been solved by tomorrow |
Task VII. The use of Perfect Tenses
Read and translate the following sentences into Ukrainian:
Some European countries have already solved the problem of teenagers unemployment.
It was reported that some corporations had suggested the methods of the efficient use of employees, equipment and other resources.
We believe that our financial situation will have changed for the better by the end of the year.
All the requirements have been settled.
The company didn’t have any losses, because the currency increase had been predicted.
Our salary will have been paid by the week-end.
Task VIII. Pay your attention to the most frequent used abbreviation .
I. ABC- American Broadcasting Company NATO-North Atlantic Treaty Organization
A.C.-after Christ V.I.P. very important person
a. f.-as follows UNESCO-United Nations Educational
A.D.- Anno Domini (lat.) Scientific and Cultural Organization
a.m.-ante meridiem v.v.-vice verse
Aus.- Australia NASA-National Aeronautics and Space
B.E.-Bank of England Administration
Br.-British E-east
FBI-Federal Bureau of Investigation W-west
GA-General Assembly Ltd
BC before Christ Xmas
AA automatic answer
PC – personal computer
II. Sub-submarine
Chute- parachute
Phone-telephone
Task IX. Sum up the material about the Conjunction
1. and, but, if, that
as well, so that, in order that
not only…but also, whether…or
2 .
at
first,
first of all, in the beginning, to begin with in addition
second, secondly moreover, furthermore
next, further, then besides, likewise, similarly
finally, lastly, at last
however, still, yet, nevertheless
on the contrary, in (by) contrast, conversely, alternately
otherwise, rather
on the one hand, on the other hand
Task X. Multifunctional words:
“It” a) personal pronoun: I started translating it at once
b) formal subject: It is well known that supply and demand are the basic concepts of economy.
c) formal object: Computers made it possible to receive all information we want.
“One”
One day, one should know, that one
“That”: that situation, they know that…, metal that melts at…
“For” : …for it seems to be interesting, for 3 minutes, for small engines, for…to
“But” : not a compound but a mixture; He is but a child .Nobody but you;
“After” : after some minutes, after they carried experiment; He invented the engine that a lot of people
used after.
“Before”: Think before talk. Before and after the transformation; Nobody used it before.
“Since” : since the electric circuit was broken; since they met…, since last year
“As” : as the most convenient one, as he wanted…
Task XI. Review the use of the Numeral
Cardinal numerals: one, two three…
Ordinal numerals: first, second, third,
Simple: five, hundred, thousand…
Derived: thirteen, eighty, tenth…
Composite: sixty-four, nine hundred…
835-eight hundred and thirty –five
2,046- two thousand and forty-six
3,582,77-three million …
1997 year-nineteen ninety seven, 2000- twenty hundred
4-th, February 1999- February the fourth nineteen ninety-nine
Fractions:1/3- a(one) third, ½- one half 3/5- three fifths, 5/6- five sixths, 5 ½ tons-five and tons
15.25- fifteen (one five) point two five
Write down the numerals:
10,823, 452, 1991 , 8,970, 24 , 63-d, 13.03, 7 ½, 0.25, 18, 9-th, 24-th, ¾, 1,273,809, 12, 2010
***Task XII. Prepare the oral report. Use the phrases below to conduct it:
To be the true economist you must:
know a lot of economic theory (education, laws and principles)
do business accounts
create business plan for any enterprise
be experienced in economic analysis
manage factors of production
predict all economic events
predict inflation rate