2. Try to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the advertisement

Робота над текстом за професійним спрямуванням: Завдання до тексту

I. Вставте пропущені букви у словах першого абзацу.

II. Виберіть та вставте запропоновані у дужках слова (surface, carbon, body, graphite, water, example, forms) в другому абзаці.

III. В третьому абзаці підкресліть правильну граматичну форму, запропоновану в дужках .

IV. Переказ тексту

Importance of Carbon Chemistry

It is well known that the element carbon plays an important r_le in the life on Earth. If all the carbon and carbon compounds were suddenly rem_ved from the earth it would look like the s_rface of the mo_n? Many of the little every-day things would be qu_te impossible without the element carbon. The importance of carbon chemistry for man is great. Every month s_veral hundred new organic compounds are prepa_ed.

In an ordinary pencil, for_______, the inside of the pencil made from_______, which is an elementary form of carbon, the wood and the paint on the_______ of the pencil are all carbon or ________compounds. If carbon compounds were removed from the human_______, there would be nothing left except_______ and a small residue of minerals and the same is true for all______ of living matter.

There are nearly two (millions, million) different carbon compounds to have been studied and (describes, described) in the chemical literature with (thousand, thousands) of new ones, which are reported every year. Although ( there are, there is) 89 other naturally occurring elements, the number of known carbon compounds is many times greater than that of the known compounds which contain no carbon. The very large and important branch of chemistry, which studies and investigates carbon compounds, (call, is called) organic chemistry. The name "organic" comes from the past when chemical compounds (produced, produce) from ones-living matter were called "organic" and all other compounds were called inorganic.

VІ. Оберіть правильний переклад речень:

1. It is well known that carbon is very important element in the life on Earth.

A Відомо, що вуглець є важливим елементом у житті Землі.

B. Нам добре відомо, що вуглець є дуже важливим елементом у житті на Землі.

C. Добре відомо, що вуглець є дуже важливим елементом у житті на Землі.

2. New carbon compounds are reported every year.

A. Нові вуглецеві сполуки виникають щороку.

B. Нові вуглецеві сполуки обговорюватимуть щороку.

C. Щороку доповідають про нові вуглецеві сполуки.

3. The name "organic" comes from the past.

A. Назва «органічна» походитиме з минулого.

B. Назва «органічна» походила з минулого

C. Назва «органічна» походить з минулого.

4. Fuels, foods and many drugs are made of carbon compounds.

A. Паливо, їжа та більшість ліків зроблені зі сполук вуглецю.

B. Паливо, їжа та більшість ліків виробляють сполуки вуглецю.

C. Паливо, їжа та більшість ліків виготовлені для сполук вуглецю.

5. All of the clothes one wears cannot exist without carbon.

A. Весь одяг, що носять всі, не може існувати без вуглецю.

B. Весь одяг, що коли-небудь носиш, не може існувати з вуглецем.

C. Весь одяг, що носить кожен, не може існувати без вуглецю.

6. Величезна кількість вуглецевих сполук містить вуглець.

A. Much chemical compounds contain carbon.

B. A lot of chemical compounds contain carbon.

C. A few chemical compounds contain carbon.

7. Органічна хімія вивчає і досліджує вуглецеві сполуки.

A. Organic chemistry study and investigate carbon compounds.

B. Organic chemistry is studied and investigated by the carbon compounds.

C. Organic chemistry studies and investigates carbon compounds.

8. Багато щоденних речей були б неможливі без вуглецю.

A. Much of the every-day things would be dispossible without carbon.

B. A few of the every-day things would be mispossible without carbon.

C. Many of the every-day things would be impossible without carbon.

9. Деревина та фарба на поверхні олівця є вуглецевими сполуками.

A. A wood and a paint on the surface of the pencil are carbon compounds.

B. The wood and the paint on the surface of the pencil is carbon compounds.

C. The wood and the paint on the surface of the pencil are carbon compounds.

Робота над граматичним матеріалом. Revision.

1. Назвіть англійські прийменники. Які групи прийменників ви знаєте?

Ex. 1. Fill in the blanks with these words: although, and, because, but, or, since, so, unless, until, when.

1. Things were different _____ I was young. 2. I do it _____ I like it. 3. Let us wait here _____ the rain stops. 4. You cannot be a lawyer  _____ you have a law degree. 5. That was years _____ years ago. 6. She has not called _____ she left last week. 7. I saw him leaving an hour _____ two ago. 8. This is an expensive _____ very useful book. 9. We were getting tired _____ we stopped for a rest. 10. He was angry _____ he heard when happened.

2. Поясніть правило узгодження часів.

Ex. 2. Open the brackets using The Sequence of Tenses.

1. He said he (to leave) tomorrow morning. 2. She says she already (to find) this book. 3. He stopped and listened: the clock (to strike) five. 4. She said she (can) not tell me the right time, her watch (to be) wrong. 5. I asked my neighbor if he ever (to travel) by air before. 6. The policeman asked George where he (to run) so early. 7. They were told that the guide just (to go) out and (to be) back in ten minutes. 8. I knew they (to wait) for me at the metro station and I decided to hurry. 9. I didn’t know that you already (to wind) up the clock. 10. I was afraid that the little girl (not to be) able to unlock the front door and (to go) upstairs to help her.

Ex. 3. Convert into indirect speech.1. "I want to sit in the armchair," said the boy. 2. The secretary said to me: "The delegation ar­rived in Kyiv yesterday." 3. "Open the window, please," she said to me. 4. He said: "I shall light a fire and make myself breakfast." 5. "Don't run to the door when you hear the bell," said the woman to her little daughter. 6. She asked me: "How long are you going to stay here?" 7. Mary asked me: "Will you spend your vacation in Moscow?" 8. "Lock the door when you leave the house," said my elder sister to me. 9. "Have you received a telegram from your wife?" she asked Robert. 10. Mabel said: "Nothing will change my decision and I shall leave for Cape Town tonight." 11. "Please don't smoke in the room," said the old woman to her nephew. 12. "I am shivering with cold," said the girl.

Література:

1. Л.В. Мисик, А.Л. Арцишевська, Л.Р. Кузнєцова, Л.Л. Поплавська. Англійська мова. Комунікативний аспект. / За ред. доц. Мисик Л.В. – Підручник. – К.: Атіка, 2000. – 368с

Практичне заняття № 4

Тема: Роль вивчення іноземних мов у формуванні особистості майбутнього фахівця.

The answer should be easy. English is a universal language (global language in case we are not the only creature who can speak.) The world has changed. We can no longer live alone in our country anymore. If you want to learn the world you need to learn English....

With IT, we can open ourselves to the world and the only way we can connect to the world is to the universal language. If you are a business man you would have to learn English to expand your business to oversea. If you are students you would have to learn English for your own bright future or, at least, pass the exam.

If you are an employee you would have to learn English for the benefit of your career.

Even if you are just a street walker you still want to learn English to understand what's going on in the world....

No matter whom you are. Learn English is very important. You can't avoid it and do not avoid it before you getting too far behind.

Індивідуальне читання за фахом: Робота над текстом за професійним спрямуванням. текст “SOLUTION”

Any chemically and physically homogeneous mixture of two more substances is said to be a solution. It is possible to have solution of solids in liquids, liquids in liquids, gases in liquids, solids in solids, etc.

Depending upon the size of the dispersed particles we recognize true solutions, colloidal solutions and suspensions.

If sugar is dissolved in water and the ultimate sugar particle is of molecular dimensions, then a true solution is formed. On the other hand, if very fine sand is mixed with water, consisting of many molecules, then a colloidal solution is formed.

From the pharmaceutical point of view solutions of solids in liquids are of the greatest importance.

The extent of solubility of different substances varies, but it has a constant value at constant temperature.

1. solution — раствор

2. solid — твердое тело

3. liquid — жидкость

4. dimension — размер, величина

5. extent — степень

6. dispersed — рассеянные, распространенные

7. ultimate — элементарный

Ex 1 Translate into English:

рассеянные частицы (взвешенные частицы), растворяться в воде, элементарная частица, молекулярного размера, истинный раствор, коллоидный раствор, взвесь, с другой стороны, с фармацевтической точки зрения, степень растворимости, постоянная температура.

Ex 2 Answer the questions:

1. What is said to be a solution?

2. What solutions is it possible to have?

3. What solutions do we recognize?

4. How is a true solution formed?

5. How is a colloidal solution formed?

6. What can you say about the extent of solubility of different substances?

Робота над граматичним матеріалом. Revision.

1. Що таке пасивний стан дієслова?

2. Як утворюються часові форми пасивного стану в англійській мові?

3. Часові форми якої групи не вживаються у пасивному стані?

Ex.1. Перепишіть речення у пасивному стані:

Model: They grow wheat here. – Wheat is grown here.

1. The girls water the flowers every day.

2. We don’t discuss such questions at our meetings.

3. My sister teaches me English.

4. They will not finish the work tomorrow.

5. Mary has lost her keys.

6. Our music teacher was conducting the orchestra.

7. The travelers made camp not far from the village.

8. His assistant will meet the delegation.

9. The workers are repairing the road.

10. Somebody built this castle in the 16^th century.

Ex. 2. Rewrite these sentences. Instead of using somebody, they, people etc., write a passive sentence.

1. Somebody cleans the room every day.    The room is cleaned every day.     2. They cancelled all flights because of fog. All ___________________________ 3. People don't use this road much.  ______________________________ 4. Somebody accused me of stealing money.   I ___________________________ 5. How do people learn languages?    How ______________________________ 6. Somebody warned us not to go out alone. ______________________________ 7. Jean told me that the book was worth reading. __________________________ 8. Scientists tell the Earth goes round the Sun. _____________________________ 9. William Turner, English artist, painted this picture. _______________________ 10. Somebody searches for news every minute. ___________________________

Робота над текстом за професійним спрямуванням:

Evolution

People have always been curious about the creator of all animals and plants. There have been many divine^3, theories about how people came into being. However, research findings have proved that all animals including human beings have evolved from primitive ancestors. In 1859 Charles Darwin put forward his theory of evolution which claimed that all animals changed and developed during a continuous process. This process is brought about by the species¹¹ gradually adapting¹² to the demands of its environment, through a gradual genetic change.

To understand this complicated process some theoretical back-ground is necessary.

Inside each of our body's cells, there is a complex substance known as DNA. It looks like a very twisted ladder and its full name is deoxyribonucleic acid^.. Sections of DNA are known as genes. They give instructions about when different types of cells should develop, and whereabouts in the body they should be. DNA bears the genetic code which is a tremendously complicated set of instructions to the cells in the body, so that they will know how to develop. As a result of these complex instructions, we develop specialized liver cells, heart cells, hair cells, skin cells, and all other different types of cells which make up a body.

Larger strands of DNA are known as chromosomes. They are arranged in pairs. However, an ovum, a female cell capable of developing into a baby as well as a male cell which should fertilize it have only half of the chromosomes. In this way, when organisms reproduce themselves sexually, — by combining sperm from one parent with ova from another, — the new individual possesses characteristics of both parents.

The new combination of characteristics may be particularly beneficial.

The child may inherit the very best features of its parents and be healthier, stronger and fitter. Sometimes, there are slight mistakes made in the copying. When the special reproductive cells are made, and these can result in the new individual being different in someway. These mistakes are known as genetic mutations and sometimes are very beneficial. When these beneficial changes occur, evolution happens.

Every organism is in competition with other members of its species. So anything which helps this plant or animal to get an edge over the competition will be useful. The individuals with beneficial characteristics are more likely to survive if some natural change happens. This is known as natural selection which is all about the survival of the fittest — and the fittest is the one which is best adapted to its environment. It should be clear now that it is a mistake to think of evolution as a straight-line development leading up to the human being. This is only one of many different branches of evolution

Модуль самостійної роботи:

1. Повторення граматичного матеріалу.

2. Словник-мінімум для користувача комп’ютера.

3. Анотування газетної статті за фахом.

Індивідуальна робота за семестр:

1. Індивідуальне читання за фахом.

2. Словник-мінімум (за професійним спрямуванням).