Unit 9 Needs

charity 1 [C] an organization that gives money, goods, or help to people who are poor, sick etc (adj) charitable; charity event/walk/concert etc (=an event organized to collect money for a charity)

2 [U] charity organizations in general: All the money raised by the concert will go to charity.

for charity: The children raised over £200 for charity.

3 [U] money or gifts given to help people who are poor, sick etc: refugees living on charity

4 [U] formal kindness or sympathy that you show towards other people: Mother Teresa's works of charity.

5 charity begins at home - a phrase meaning that you should take care of your own family, country etc before you help other people

philanthropy [U] the practice of giving money and help to people who are poor or in trouble; (adj) philanthropic(al), (n) philanthrope = philanthropist

donate v 1 to give something, especially money, to a person or an organization in order to help them; donate something to somebody/something: Last year he donated $1,000 to cancer research.

2 to allow some blood or a body organ to be removed from your body so that it can be used in a hospital to help someone who is ill or injured: people who volunteer to donate blood; (n) donation

benevolent adj kind and generous: a benevolent smile; (n) benevolence; (adv) benevolently

sponsor v 1 a) to give money to a sports event, theatre, institution etc, especially in exchange for the right to advertise: government-sponsored projects

b) to support someone by paying for their training, education, living costs etc: The bank had offered to sponsor him at university.

2 to agree to give someone money for charity if they walk, run etc a particular distance

3 sponsored walk/swim etc (BrE) an event in which many people walk, swim etc a particular distance so that people will give them money for a charity; (n) sponsorship, (adj) sponsorial

voluntary adj without being paid; voluntary organization/association/agency etc - an organization etc that is organized or supported by people who give their money, services etc because they want to and who do not intend to make a profit: Participation in the program is strictly voluntary.

contribute v to give money, help, ideas etc to something that a lot of other people are also involved in; contribute to/towards: City employees cannot contribute to political campaigns. (n) contribution

virtue n 1 [U] formal moral goodness of character and behaviour [≠ vice]: Women have often been used as symbols of virtue.

2 [C] a particular good quality in someone's character [≠ vice]

altruism n [U] when you care about or help other people, even though this brings no advantage to yourself: Many choose to work in developing countries out of altruism. (n) altruist

need n [C usu pl] what someone needs to have in order to live a normal healthy comfortable life: She works to provide for her family's basic needs.

meet/satisfy a need (=provide something that people want or need)

starve v [intr] to suffer or die because you do not have enough to eat: Thousands of people will starve if food doesn't reach the city. (n) (U) starvation

aid n [U] help, such as money or food, given by an organization or government to a country or to people who are in a difficult situation: Foreign aid from many countries poured into the famine area.

convoys delivering humanitarian aid; a substantial aid programme

appeal v (to smb for smth) make a serious and urgent request for smth: The government has appealed for emergency food aid.

n 1 [C] an urgent request for something important; appeal for: The police have issued a new appeal for information. appeal to: All the organizations involved have sent urgent appeals to the government, asking for extra funding.

2 (request for money) [C] an attempt to persuade people to give money in order to help people who need something: The appeal has nearly reached its target of £100,000.

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1. the poorest of the poor

2. charity (to start charity; charity money)

3. charitable

4. drought

5. hunger

6. famine (famine occurs; root causes of famine)

7. to cut into humanity

8. to starve (to starve to death; starvation)

9. need (to die from the need for sth)

10. poverty (to die of poverty)

11. malnutrition

12. (strict) essentials

13. emergency relief (aid; food)

14. to get aid from

15. maintenance of health

16. a world of plenty

17. the Third World

18. fast(ing); a seven-day fast

19. controversy; controversial(ly)

20. a small scale project

21. a long / medium term development programme

22. to put money into projects

23. a clean-water programme

24. to sink wells

25. to fund (to finance)

26. to benefit from

27. voluntary contributions; volunteer n

28. to build up societies

29. overseas

30. field officers

31. child-rearing

32. to consume (consumption; to ban consumption; the local consumption)

33. interest (on the debt)

34. to repay the interest / the entire sum

35. interest rates (at high / low interest rates; rise dramatically)

36. to raise cattle (for meat / milk)

37. surplus (to produce a surplus of sth; food surplus)

38. to be saddled by debt burdens

39. to flood into banks (about money)

40. let alone

41. foreign income

42. protein

43. to transform into

44. dried milk powder

45. to get oneself into

46. insane

47. factory closure

48. to do sth on purpose

49. at the latest

50. the ultimate

51. obscenity

52. to be stunned

53. refugee camp

54. to pose the question

55. to be under control / out of control

56. little / a lot to do with

57. “A stitch in time saves nine”.

58. the political will

59. the wave of public generosity

60. casualty

61. to enlist (money)

62. to gain a sense of self-respect

63. to work through governments

64. dustbin (survival); to live out of dustbins

65. a tasty gastronomic tour

66. to live off sth

67. investigative dustbin crawl

68. at the height of (the tourist season)

69. revelation

70. to shock sb into thinking

71. budding (expert)

72. haul

73. recurring (problem)

74. to submit sth to test (strict smelling test)

75. advisory board

76. take-home pay

77. child-benefit

78. to keep level with

79. appeal n, v

80. a fight to survive

81. to suffer malnutrition; to die through malnutrition

82. a developing country

83. access to safe water

84. sponsorship scheme

85. (mentally) handicapped

86. a life-long disability

87. hurtful

88. ignorance

89. a residential home

90. a prisoner of conscience

91. to oppose (torture)

92. regardless of

93. without reservation

94. desperate search for food

95. medical supplies

96. catastrophe; catastrophic

97. grim

98. poverty of spirit

99. to tend to sb / sth

100. to shuffle

101. to share in sth

102. oppressive

103. cooped up

104. a fenced-off play area