8)Ekaterinburg, the city on the iset river
7 August 1723 is the official day of the birth of Ekaterinburg, the industrial and military centre of the mining administration and important stronghold set up by the government of Peter I for the colonisation of the vast expenses of the Ural and Siberia. The town owes to its origin to a metallurgical and metal-working plant which rose on the banks of the Iset river.
The builders of the town worked in extremely hard conditions led by talented Russian mining experts; general Geninand captain Tatishchev. This prominent statesman and noted scientist headed (he construction. The town was surrounded by wood and all buildings were wooden.
A great contribution to the further development of the town was made by Malakhov. The city has changed its name several times in its history: Ekaterinburg-Sverdlovsk-Ekaterinburg, but it was the centre not only of the Ural but the country as well.
Nowadays it is a big industrial centre of the Russian Federation. There are more than 100 industrial enterprises, among them the Verch-Iset metallurgical and metal-working plant the biggest in the Ural.
Ekaterinburg is a scientific centre. There is the Ural branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, a lot of scientific and project institutes there.
Ekaterinburg is a city of students. There are more than 16 state institutions of higher education, a lot of colleges, private and state schools. The oldest is the Ural State Mining University founded in 1912. The biggest and the most famous is the Ural Federal University (UrFU) founded in 2010.
Ekaterinburg is also a theatrical centre. There are many theatres, cinemas and palaces of culture and variety shows. The oldest among the theatres is the Opera House, which was built in 1912.
Ekaterinburg is a sport centre of the country. There are many stadiums and sport-grounds. No wonder that Ekaterinburg is called "the capital of the winter kinds of sports". Our sportsmen-take part in different sport competitions and very often win the first places.
Different national and international championships are held in Ekaterinburg
The citizens of Ekaterinburg are proud of their native city.
9)State system of the russian federation
Under the Constitution adopted in 1993 Russia is a Presidential Republic. The head of the state is the President.
The federal government consists of three branches: legislative, executive and judicial. Each of them is checked and balanced by the President. The legislative power in the country is exercised by the Parliament, which consists of two chambers
The executive branch is represented by the President and Government headed by the Prime Minister.
The judicial branch is represented by the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court and the regional courts.
The President is the head of the State and the Commander-in-chief of Russian army.
The first Constitution (the Constitution of the Russian Federation) was adopted in 1918. Nowadays new Russia lives according to the Constitution of 1993. There are 83 subjects of Federation in Russia.
Today the symbol of Russia is a three-coloured flag. A new national emblem is a two-headed eagle, Alexandroff composed music for our national anthem.
Russian is the state language of Russian.
10)The history of Moscow dates back to 1147 . The city was founded by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky.
In 1156 Moscow was surrounded with a high wall of oak logs and became fortress on the bank of the Moskva River
In the 13th century the town was totally destroyed because of the Tatar inva-sion.Jn 1367 Prince Dmitry Donskoy built a new wall of white stone around the Kremlin. In the reign of Czar IvanIII old stone wall around the Kremlin was replaced with a new one of red brick. Ivan the Terrible made Moscow the capital of the State of Muscovy in the 16th century.
I The transfer of the capital to St.Petersburg in 1712 by Peter the Great was a period of decline in the history of Moscow. In 1812 Napoleon led his army into the ancient capital, but the fame of this military leader was burned out to ashes in the flames of Moscow fire.
In March 1918, Moscow was reestablished as the official capital of the country. In autumn 1941 the nazi armies were only a few kilometres away from the city but they were also defeated.
In the 19th century Moscow became the leading political, scientific and cultural as well as industrial centre.
Moscow is the centre of science and education. The oldest and the best known are the Lomonosov State University, the Bauman Higher Technical Institute, the Timiryazev culturaLAcademy and others.
Moscow is the leading cultural centre , history and science museums in the city.
Moscow is well-known all over the world by its Bolshoi and Maly Theatres
Moscow's metro js the most beautiful and cleanest in the world
11)The Ural Federal University is one of the biggest and most prestigeous institutions of higher education in Russia. In 2010 our University will celebrate its 90th anniversary on October 19.
The Ural Polytechnic - UPI was founded on October 19, in 1920 on the basis of the Ural State.
The first rector of the UPI was Professor A. E. Macov-etsky, the head of the chemical department. But the institute grew and developed and in 1929 the construction of the students' town began. In 1934 the institute was named after S.M. Kirov.
During the years of the Great Patriotic War many volunteers including students, lecturers and workers went to the front to defend our Motherland. In December 1992 the Ural Polytechnical Institute was renamed into the Ural State Technical University - UPI.
At present it is one of the largest higher schools not only in the Ural, but in Russia as well.
The academic staff consists of lecturers and scientists. A Diploma of the UrFU is a reliable confirmation of the specialists' high qualification not only in Russia, but on the international level as well.
At present educational programmes of higher professional technical, technological, economic and social-humanitarian are realized.
The University occupies 8 study buildings, housing laboratories, workshops, auditoriums and lecture halls. The University library has over 2 million volumes. The UrFU today is a powerful centre of education and science in the Ural and Siberia regionsProfessional appreciation of the students' work is provided by traditional "Days of Science ".
As to the international contacts by its 80th anniversary our University had trained 1,524 specialists from 23 countries of Europe, Asia, Africa. And some students and post-graduates of our University study at the Universities in the United States of America and Germany.
12)Ecology. The problem of relations between man and nature is becoming more and more important. Ecological problem is closely linked to the problem of economic growth, progress in science and technology, natural resources, energy and food supplies. The pollution of the environment, the destruction of many species of plants and animals have now reached threatening proptions. The situation makes it necessary to take serious measures for protecting biosphere and nature for the benefit of the present and future generations. One of the main factors of the environmental pollution is technological progress. Numerous enterprises, automobiles and heating systems pollute the atmosphere and negatively influence the local climate. The country side is alsо affected by the use of insectides.Fruitsand vegetables sprayed with chemicals may have some ....... effect. The problem of radioactive pollution of the atmosphere, water and soil arose in the world. Radioactive elements which are formed during the explosions are absorbed by living beings and plants in different ways and harmfully influence them. Ending the arms race, wars and environmental protection are three global problems. The following measures for nature protection must be done: 1. Legislations on environmental protection must be adopted. 2. Systematic control over the state of environment must be granted. 3. Introduction of purification installations at industrial enterprises must be exercised. 4. Propaganda of the necessity of nature protection must be carried out. And a lot of other measures must be done. Man and nature are inseparably linked. The task of humanity is to save our world.