Тема 2: Environment Protection
Задание 1. Запомните следующие слова и словосочетания:
to contaminate – загрязнять soil – почва
to pollute – загрязнять harmful – вредный
to be extinct – вымирать fuel – топливо
rain-forest – тропический лес to destroy – уничтожать
environment – окружающая среда to detect – обнаруживать
Задание 2. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Подготовьтесь к пересказу текста на английском языке.
The Earth is our home but much of it is dirty now. It is becoming contaminated with dangerous materials. Industry, agriculture, transport, power plants are polluting the atmosphere, soil and water with substances that are harmful to all living things.
Every year people cut down more trees to provide paper, wood, medicines, mineral fuel. But it is not only trees that disappear, many animals, birds, fish, insects may be extinct. Every rain-forest also contains millions of animals, insects and flowers and they are destroyed too. We should protect certain areas and plant new forests. A number of rivers and lakes dry up. Nuclear power station is another source of pollution. It produces radiation which is dangerous for people’s health.
Ecology is the science dealing with relation between living organisms and their environment. It is a very important science because it concerns the future of our planet. The most general law for every citizen of any civilized country is to worry about environment protection.
In most industrially developed countries the rational utilization of resources is a matter of a state policy. In our country the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Environment Protection is responsible for organization of control over the sources of pollution.
The present-day ecologists, specialists in safety engineering and labour protection, factory managers and engineers use special sorts of technique to monitor and detect pollution. They ought to take measures so as to make the environmental situation better. But aside from them, the numerous groups of people are engaged in environmental problems as volunteers, for example, the world-known Greenpeace organization.
II. Контрольные задания по грамматике Вариант 2
1. Укажите предложения, содержащие инфинитив:
1.1. Who can answer my question? a) да;
1.2. My sister likes to dance to music. b) нет
1.3. Has he shown his report to the teacher?
1.4. The meeting will be held next week.
2. Выберите соответствующий вариант перевода предложений:
2.1. The article to be published abroad is important.
a) Статья, которая должна быть опубликована за границей, важна.
b) Статья, которая очень важна, будет опубликована за границей.
2.2. I am very glad to have read this book.
a) Я очень рад, что прочитал эту книгу.
b) Я очень рад, что читаю эту книгу.
2.3. I want to be invited to the New Year party.
a) Я хочу пригласить тебя на новогодний вечер.
b) Я хочу, чтобы меня пригласили на новогодний вечер.
2.4. Here is the text to be translated at home.
a) Вот текст, который переводили дома.
b) Вот текст, который надо перевести дома.
3. Укажите соответствующий вариант перевода инфинитива:
3.1. To make that report is not easy for him.
a) сделать, b) делать, с) чтобы сделать
3.2. To make that report he went to the library.
a) сделать, b) делать, с) чтобы сделать
3.3. The foreign delegation is to arrive next week.
а) приезжает, b) приехать, с) приедет
3.4. He is sorry to have interrupted the professor.
a) прерывает, b) прервал, с) прерывать
3.5. The conference to be held next month will be very important.
a) проводится, b) будет проведена, с) которая должна проводиться
4. Заполните пропуски соответствующей формой инфинитива:
4.1. The students must … all the seminars. a) to attend; b) attend;
4.2. We are … the lectures next month. c) to be attended;
4.3. I’m sorry not … the lecture before. d) to have attended
5. Определите тип инфинитивного оборота:
5.1. This task is not difficult for them to do. a) Complex Object
5.2. This plant is known to produce cars. b) Complex Subject
5.3. The letter is unlikely to come today. c) For-phrase
5.4. I know her son to be a good student.
5.5. He wants his method to be used by students.
5.6. She saw the children play in the yard.
5.7. This is the poem for them to learn by heart.
5.8. The guests are expected to arrive soon.
6. Выберите соответствующий вариант перевода предложений:
6.1. The Romans are known to have built good roads in Britain.
a) Известно, что римляне построили хорошие дороги в Британии.
b) Римляне знали как строить хорошие дороги в Британии.
6.2. His sister is said to know Chemistry well.
a) Его сестра говорит, что знает хорошо химию.
b) Говорят, что его сестра хорошо знает химию.
6.3. The teacher wanted the task to be done at once.
a) Учитель хотел выполнить задание немедленно.
b) Учитель хотел, чтобы задание было выполнено немедленно.
6.4. The first thing for her to do is to clean the rooms.
a) Первое, что она должна сделать, это убрать в комнатах.
b) Первая вещь для нее – это чистота в комнатах.
6.5. The telegram is unlikely to be received tonight.
a) Не нравится, когда телеграмму приносят ночью.
b) Маловероятно, что телеграмму получат сегодня вечером.
6.6. They think the detective to be a good specialist.
a) Они думают о детективе как о хорошем специалисте.
b) Они считают, что детектив – хороший специалист.
7. Заполните пропуск соответствующей формой инфинитива:
7.1. They saw the ship … the port. a) to leave; b) leave;
7.2. She expected the guests … soon. c) to be left;
7.3. Their car is said … on the road. d) to have left
8. Определите тип предложения:
8.1. I knew that you were ill. a) простое;
8.2. If it rains tomorrow, we’ll stay at home. b) сложносочиненное;
8.3. They saw the film and then discussed it. с) сложноподчиненное
8.4. The guests were introduced and we greeted them.
9. Употребите соответствующее средство связи:
9.1. I gave her my notes … she could read them at home. a) if; b) why;
9.2. … it was dark, she saw everything. c) after; d) where;
9.3. She is younger … she looks. e) not so … as;
9.4. He walked quickly … he was in a great hurry. f) although;
9.5. … we receive the answer, we’ll sign the contract. g) so that;
9.6. I found the book … I had left it. h) because;
9.7. The film is … interesting … you think. i) than
III. Текст и задания к нему Вар.2
Задание 1. Переведите текст в письменном виде.
Technological and industrial progress depends on the scientist, the engineer and the technologist – an essential triangle. Each makes major contribution to progress. The engineer depends upon the scientist for new knowledge and upon the technologist for specialized assistance in translating engineering plans into operating reality. The pure scientist can make his contribution to progress through the investigation of the unknown.
The interests of the research engineer are in the area of applied science and research. Scientists work in the world of generalizations and abstractions. The technologist, on the other hand, works in the real world of specific things and concrete objects. His problems are practical and they require practical solutions. He is more interested in how to do things. He must understand engineering tables and formulas and apply them in his work. The scientists, the research engineer, the technologist – all play an important role in the modern world.
The principal work of the engineer is design. He has to design products, machines and production systems. Like the research engineer, the engineer asks “why?” Like the technologist, he is also concerned with “how?”
The engineer must combine many of the characteristics of the scientist, research engineer and technologist. He must have a basic knowledge of the sciences, and understanding of the abstract techniques of the research engineer and he should know much of the technology employed by technologists. Perhaps the most important function of the engineer is to integrate the work of the essential triangle. His interest must be in combining the abstract-theoretical world and the technical-practical world.
Unlike the scientist, the engineer is not free to solve problems which interest him. He must solve problems as they arise, his solution must satisfy conflicting requirements. Efficiency costs money and safety adds complexity. The engineering solution is the optimum solution, taking into account many factors. His job is to secure a maximum output for a given input or to secure a given output with a minimum input. The ratio may be expressed in terms of energy, materials, money, time or men. Efficiency is achieved by using efficient methods, devices and personnel organization.
Задание 2. Найдите в тексте и выпишите английские эквиваленты следующих речевых отрезков:
1) вносить вклад; 2) исследование неизвестного; 3) существующая реальность; 4) прикладная наука; 5) требовать практических решений; 6) таблицы и формулы; 7) объединять работу; 8) решать проблемы; 9) отвечать противоречивым требованиям; 10) принимать во внимание; 11) обеспечить максимальный выход; 12) инженер-исследователь; 13) в отличие от;
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