Unit 12

Фонетика: sounds [s], []

Словообразование: отрицательный префикс un-

Грамматика: пассивный залог

Текст: «Jane's letter» (cont.)

12.1. Sound right

12.1.1.Listen, look, say. Pay attention to the difference in pronounciation of the sounds [s] and []: [s] as in sink, [] as in think.

I

A. It's not safe.

B. Of course, it's safe.

A. I think, it'll sink. It's only made of thin cloth.

B. It's not cloth, it's plastic. And it's not thin, it's thick.

A. Well, even thick plastic can burst.

B. It's quite safe. The man said so.

A. And anyway, sailing makes me sick.

II

A. Now, look at this, sir — this marvellous seventeenth century mirror. It's a thing both of beauty and of worth.

B. Yes,butd'youthink...

A. Oh, I think you'll like the price too, sir.

B. Mmm. Perhaps so. But to me it seems quite worthless.

A. Oh — you can have complete faith in it?

B. Yes — but can you see your face in it?

12.1.2.Listen, look, say. Pay attention to the intona­tion.

12.1.3.Read the dialogues in pairs.

12.1.4.Listen and look. Pay attention to the difference in pronunciation of the sounds [] and [t]: [9] as in three, [t] as in tree.

I

A. I think I shall plant two or three of these trees.

B. Mmm. Two or three trees would be nice. Where do you think you'll plant them?

A. On both sides of the path, I think.

B. And when the trees are tall...

A. I shall be a hundred and thirty.

II

A. I'm taking mathematics and theology.

B. And who teaches you math?

A. Mr. Theodore.

B. But I thought Mr. Theodore taught theology.

A. He taught theology last term. But the math teacher left and now Mr. Theodore will be taking us for maths.

B. Well, who's taking you for theology now?

A. Mrs. Theodore.

B. I didn't know Mrs. Theodore had studied theology.

A. That is how she met Mr. Theodore.

12.1.5.Listen, look, say. Pay attention to the intonation.

12.1.6.Read the dialogues in pairs.

12.2. Word-building

12.2.1.Give Russian equivalents to the following words:

unjust, unfortunately, unwritten, unfair, un­known, unnecessary, unlock, unload, uncon­scious.

12.2.2.Perephrase the following word combinations using prefixun-;

not equal in size; not familiar names; not a happy woman; a believable fact; not a healthy place; not human treatment; not finished work; one who doesn't believe something; lack of certainty.

12.3. Full understanding

12.3.1. Смотрите, слушайте, повторяйте:

specialist, jurisdiction [,urs'dkn], national, to organize, veto ['vtou], to block, bill, Federal Court of Appeals [a'plz].

* 12.3.2.Смотрите, слушайте, повторяйте, запомните:

New words:

Chief Justice — главный судья

to approve ['prv] — одобрять

circuit ['skt] — округ

bench — (зд.) состав суда

judiciary ['d()r] — судоустройство

existing — существующий

to pass a law — принять закон

to issue ['sj] — издавать (о приказе)

School vocabulary:

field, to belong, white.

12.3.3.Прочитайте и переведите:

Jane's letter

(continued)

«...You asked me to tell some words about the judicial system of the USA. Though I'm not a specialist in this field I'll try to do my best. The Supreme Court is the highest judicial organ of the US and it meets in the Supreme Court Building in Washington. It's a beautiful build­ing of white marble. Above the main entrance the words are written «Equal Justice Under Law». The Supreme Court consists of the Chief Justice of the USA and eight Associate Justices. They are all appointed by the President and approved by the Senate. The Su­preme Court has the right to declare unconstitutional any law passed by Congress or any order issued by the President. This right of veto is widely used to block the passage of any progressive bills. The USA is divided into eleven judicial circuits and each one is served with a Federal Court of Appeals. As a rule the Court of Appeals sits with three judges on the bench. There are about ninety district courts in different parts of the United States. The district courts are the lowest ones in the Federal court system. Most of the criminal and civil cases are tried by these courts. The district court is the only Federal court where trials are held, juries are used, and witnesses are called. There are about two hundred district judges in the USA. Cases tried in the district court may be appealed in one of the eleven Courts of Appeal and in the Supreme Court. The decision of the Supreme Court is final. In the US the judiciary is divided into the federal and state judiciary. Jurisdiction of particular courts or judges is deter­mined by either the national or state constitutions and laws. The state courts are organized in a system that looks like the system of Federal courts with a Supreme Court at the top. In most of the states the lowest courts are the magistrates, or police courts...»

(to be continued)

12.3.4.В тексте встречаются более 10 случаев употре­бления Passive Voice. Дайте, пожалуйста, точную цифру.

12.3.5.Предположим, что вы пишете отчет вашему начальнику о краже со взломом. Используйте следующие слова и Passive Voice.

1. The door of the house, to force, at 10 p. m. yesterday.

2. The old man, to beat, to tie.

3. The most valuable things, to take.

4. The fingerprints, to find, on many pieces of furniture.

5. The knife, to leave, by one of the burglars.

6. The car, to use, by them, and the traces of it, to find, near the house.

7. The old man, to take to the hospital.

12.3.6.Предположим, что вы сопровождаете в качест­ве гида иностранного туриста, приехавшего в Ростов. Предложите ему план пребывания в Ростове. ИспользуйтеFuture Simple.

Model: Tomorrow at 5 p. m. you'll be taken to Drama Theatre.

12.3.7.Преподаватель упрекает вас в целом ряде поступков. Попытайтесь оправдаться, исполь­зуяPassive Voiceи выражения:

Oh, no; you see...;

The fact is that...;

On the contrary...

1. You took my text-book yesterday.

2. You fell asleep at my lesson.

3. I saw you kiss this girl/boy.

4. I know you are going to miss my lesson tomorrow.

5. You broke the window in our classroom yesterday.

6. You hid my bag and I can't find it.

7. You beat your neighbour.

12.3.8.В нашем классе случаются странные вещи. Скажите, кого вы подозреваете в этом.

Model: (to break the window) — The window was broken by...

1. to tear note-books;

2. to break the teacher's table;

3. to eat smb's apple;

4. to hide student's coats;

5. to bring monkey to the lesson;

6. to write a letter to the teacher;

7. to scold the teacher.

*12.3.9.Скажите по-английски:

1. Меня попросили рассказать о судебной системе США. 2. Его предложение одобря­ется всеми членами совета. 3. Эти судьи назначаются президентом. 4. Этого свидетеля вызвали последним 5. Присяжные ис­пользуются в наиболее серьезных случаях. 6. Закон был принят вчера. 7. Страна раз­делена на несколько округов. 8. Большинство гражданских дел рассматривается судами магистрата. 9. Существующие системы судов штатов возглавляются верховными судами штатов. 10. Суды штатов организованы по­добно федеральным судам.

12.3.10.Петр решил рассказать смешную историю. Он пытался как можно чаще употреблятьPassive Voice. Удалось ли ему справиться с этим без ошибок?

This story was told by Charles Dickens. During a sea-trip a young girl was courted by five young men. She was at a loss whom to choose. She was advised to jump overboard and then marry the one who would be jumped in after her. The girl did as she was told. She was jumped into the sea and was followed by four of the men. When they were fished out of the water by the sailors she was at a loss even more than before. «What shall I do with these four wet men?» — she was asked the captain. «Take the dry one», was the old sea-wolf's advice. And so she did.

12.3.11.Постарайтесь начертить схему системы фе­деральных судов США, пользуясь инфор­мацией в тексте этого урока.

12.3.12. Попытайтесь соотнести название судов (сле­ва) и их юрисдикцию (справа).

Supreme Court 1.Most of the criminal and civil cases are tried by this court.

Court of Appeal 2.It has the right to declare unconstitutional any law passed by Congress.

District Court 3.It hears appeals from low­er courts.

12.3.13.Прочитайте дополнительную информацию о федеральной системе судов США и рас­скажите, что вы поняли (по-русски).

Courts The government can be sued for of Claims unpaid salary, property taken for public use and personal injuries for which the Federal government is responsible. The Court of Claims consists of a chief justice and 4 as­sociate justices who are appointed by the President with Senate ap­proval.

Customs This court deals with all the cases

Courtarising at the customs when goods enter the country. This court was established in 1890 and is located in New York where most of its business is conducted.

Courtof The court hears appeals from

Customsdecisions of the Customs Court and Patent and the Patent Office. Its judge-Appeals ments and decrees are final.

* 12.3.14. Предположим, что вы — один из судей Верховного суда США. Иностранные кор­респонденты задают вам вопрос о судебной системе США. Дайте точные ответы на их вопросы.