- •Предисловие
- •Структура пособия
- •Структура урока
- •Методическая записка
- •1.1. Sound right
- •1.2. Word-building
- •1.3. Full understanding
- •1.4. Practice in communication
- •1.5. General understanding
- •The man who escaped
- •1.6. Scanning practice
- •1.7. Listening practice
- •1.8. Time for fun
- •2.1. Sound right
- •2.2. Word-building (-ist)
- •2.3. Full understanding
- •Work and studies
- •2.4. Practice in communication
- •2.5. General understanding
- •The man who escaped
- •2.6. Scanning practice
- •Not a robber
- •2.7. Listening practice
- •2.8. Time for fun
- •1. Distrust in Lawyers
- •2. Court Talk
- •3.1. Sound right
- •3.2. Word-building:
- •3.3. Full understanding
- •Where do they live?
- •3.4. Practice in communication
- •3.5. General understanding
- •The man who escaped
- •3.6. Scanning practice
- •His name and address was on the wheel
- •3.7. Listening practice
- •3.8. Time for fun
- •4.1. Sound right
- •4.3.3. Прочитайте и переведите: Pete is preparing for the seminar
- •4.4. Practice in communication
- •4.5. General understanding
- •The man who escaped
- •4.6. Scanning practice
- •Caught in his own trap
- •4.7. Listening practice
- •4.8. Time for fun
- •5.1. Sound right
- •5.2. Word-building: -ing, -ism, -an
- •5.3. Full understanding
- •At the Meetings
- •5.4. Practice in communication
- •5.5. General understanding
- •The man who escaped
- •5.6. Scanning practice
- •The monkey detective
- •5.7. Listening practice
- •5.8. Time for fun
- •6.1. Sound right
- •6.2. Word-building:
- •6.3. Full understanding
- •John's composition
- •6.4. Practice in communication
- •6.5. General understanding
- •The man who escaped
- •6.6. Scanning practice
- •Crime Will Be Out Sooner of Later
- •6.7. Listening practice
- •6.8. Time for fun
- •7.1. Sound right
- •7.2. Word-building: -ary, -ory, -ous
- •7.3. Full understanding
- •Steve's story
- •7.4. Practice in communication
- •7.5. General understanding
- •The man who escaped
- •7.6. Scanning practice
- •7.7. Listening practice
- •7.8. Time for fun
- •8.1. Sound right
- •8.2. Word-building: -ify, -ate, -en
- •8.3. Full understanding
- •Elections
- •8.4. Practice in communication
- •8.5. General understanding
- •The man who escaped
- •8.6. Scanning practice
- •How I lost my lighter
- •8.7. Listening practice
- •8.8. Time for fun
- •9.1. Sound right
- •9.2. Word-building: -ly
- •9.3. Full understanding
- •Pete's travel to London
- •9.4. Practice in communication
- •9.5. General understanding
- •The man who escaped
- •9.6. Scanning practice
- •9.7. Listening practice
- •9.8. Time for fun
- •Unit 10
- •10.1. Sound right
- •10.2. Word-building
- •10.3. Full understanding
- •Pete's travel to London (continued)
- •10.4. Practice in communication
- •10.5. General understanding
- •10.6. Scanning practice
- •10.7. Listening practice
- •10.8. Time for fun
- •Unit 11
- •11.1. Sound right
- •11.2. Word-building
- •11.3. Full understanding
- •11.4. Practice in communication
- •11.5. General understanding
- •11.6. Scanning practice
- •11.7. Listening practice
- •11.8. Time for fun
- •Unit 12
- •12.1. Sound right
- •12.2. Word-building
- •12.3. Full understanding
- •Jane's letter
- •12.4. Practice in communication
- •12.5. General understanding
- •12.6. Scanning practice
- •12.7. Listening practice
- •12.8. Time for fun
- •Unit 13
- •13.1. Sound right
- •13.2. Word-building
- •13.3. Full understanding
- •Jane's letter (cont.)
- •13.4. Practice in communication
- •13.5. General understanding
- •The man who escaped
- •13.6. Scanning practice
- •13.7. Listening practice
- •13.8. Time for fun
- •14.2. Word-building
- •14.3. Full understanding
- •14.4. Practice in communication
- •14.5. General understanding
- •The man who escaped
- •14.6. Scanning practice
- •14.7. Listening practice
- •14.8. Time for fun
- •Unit 15
- •15.1. Sound right
- •15.2. Word-building
- •15.3. Full understanding
- •15.4. Practice in communication
- •15.5. General understanding
- •The man who escaped
- •15.6. Scanning practice
- •15.7. Listening practice
- •15.8. Time for fun
- •Unit 16
- •16.1. Sound right
- •16.2. Word-building
- •16.3. Full understanding
- •Steve asks questions
- •1. The Monster
- •2. Over again
- •16.4. Practice in communication
- •16.5. General understanding
- •The man who escaped
- •16.6. Scanning practice
- •16.7. Listening practice
- •16.8. Time for fun
- •Unit 17
- •17.1. Sound right
- •17.2. Word-building
- •17.3. Full understanding
- •Pete and Nell go to the pictures
- •Scene I
- •Scene II
- •17.4. Practice in communication
- •17.5. General understanding
- •The man who escaped
- •17.6. Scanning practice
- •17.7. Listening practice
- •17.8. Time for fun
- •Unit 18
- •18.1. Sound right
- •18.2. Word-building
- •18.3. Full understanding
- •Pete and Nell go to the pictures (cont.) Scene III
- •Scene IV
- •Scene V
- •Indefinite Continuous Perfect Perfect
- •18.4. Practice in communication
- •18.5. General understanding
- •The man who escaped
- •18.6. Scanning practice
- •Dna prints
- •18.7. Listening practice
- •18.8. Time for fun
- •Краткий справочник: словообразование, грамматика unit 1
- •§ 1. Притяжательный падеж существительного
- •§ 2. Побудительные предложения
- •§ 3. Числительные
- •§ 4. Множественное число существительных
- •§ 5. Спряжение глагола to be в настоящем времени группы Indefinite (Simple)
- •§ 6. Порядок слов а английском предложении
- •§ 1. Указательные местоимения
- •§ 2. Притяжательные местоимения
- •§ 3. Предложения, начинающиеся с местоимения it
- •2. Отрицательное местоимение по
- •§ 7. Место наречий неопределенного времени в предложении
- •§ 8. Употребление much, many, few, little
- •§ 9. Разделительные вопросы
- •§ 2. Альтернативный вопрос (вопрос выбора)
- •§ 4. Производные неопределенных местоимений
- •§ 5. Возвратные и усилительные местоимения
- •1. Суффиксы существительных -went, -ion
- •2. Суффикс прилагательного -ic
- •§ 1. Причастие I (Participle I)
- •§ 2. Настоящее время группы Continuous (Present Continuous)
- •§ 3. Причастие II (Participle II)
- •§ 1. Герундий (Gerund)
- •§ 2. Модальные глаголы can, may, must, needn't
- •§ 3. Инфинитивная конструкция It is too... To do smth.
- •§ 1. Past Indefinite (Simple)
- •§ 2. Present Perfect
- •§ 1. Present Perfect Continuous
- •§ 2. Сводная таблица настоящих времен
- •§ 3. Степени сравнения прилагательных
- •§ 1. Future Indefinite (Simple)
- •§ 2. Сравнительные конструкции
- •§ 1. Past Continuous
- •§ 2. Past Perfect Continuous
- •Unit 10
- •§ 1. Past Perfect
- •§ 2. Сводная таблица прошедших времен
- •Unit 11
- •§ 1. Future Continuous
- •§ 2. Future Perfect
- •Unit 13
- •§ 1. Времена группы Perfect в страдательном залоге
- •§ 2. Времена группы Continuous в страдательном залоге
- •Unit 14
- •§ 1. Эмфатическое выделение членов предложения
- •§ 2. Сравнительная конструкция с парным союзом
- •§ 1. Согласование времен
- •§ 2. Перевод прямой речи в косвенную
- •§ 1. Бессоюзные придаточные предложения
- •§ 2. Группа существительного
- •Unit 17
- •§ 1. Перевод глагольных форм с суффиксом -ed
- •§ 2. Функции строевьк слов it, one Местоимение it
- •Unit 18
- •§ 1. Придаточные подлежащие
- •§ 2. Придаточное сказуемое
- •Литература
- •Оглавление
4.3.3. Прочитайте и переведите: Pete is preparing for the seminar
Pete Sokolov is in the reading-room of the library. He is reading something and making notes. Let's come up to him and ask what he is reading. «Hello, Pete! What are you doing now?» — «Oh, hello! I'm preparing for my seminar in the theory of state and law. I'm not good at this subject and I'm working very hard now. And I haven't much time either1. Please, don't bother me anymore, will you?» Isn't Pete a busy boy? But let's see what he is reading. Is it really so very difficult? Look and judge for yourself.
The state
The state is a product of society at a definite stage of its development. Private property divides men and allows them to exploit each other and in this way class contradictions begin. The special machinery created by the class of exploiters — the state helps them to keep order. In a class society the state is an instrument of political power of the ruling class. The state is a system of official institutions and organs. This system of organs is the machinery of government, the state machine. This machine includes such organs as the army, the police, the courts. The other part of the state machine consists of the system of state organs including the chief of the state (an individual or collective), parliament, government, departments and other organs. These organs are political; they are the organs of state power of the ruling class. The constitution, legislation or traditions regulate the power of each state organ. Different types of states have different functions. That's why we speak about the state only as the historical category.
Notes: 1. either — в отрицательных предложениях соответствует русским словам тоже, так же. Слова too, also в отрицательных предложениях не употребляются.
4.3.4.Расскажите о том, что сейчас происходит в аудитории.
4.3.5.Некоторые студенты не понимают разницы междуSimple PresentиPresent Continuous. Объясните им эту разницу, используя следующие пары предложений:
1. Listen! The teacher's explaining a very difficult thing. He always explains difficult things carefully.
2. John speaks three foreign languages. Just now he's speaking French on the phone.
3. Pete usually doesn't work much but now he's working very hard preparing for the seminar.
4.3.6.Проверьте, как вы и ваши друзья понимаете разницу междуPresent ContinuousиSimple Present. Выберите правильный вариант в скобках:
1. I ...three articles a week (translate, am translating).
2. Don't enter the classroom. The students ... an exam now (take, are taking).
3. He always ... dinner at this time (has, is having).
4. It often ... in Rostov in November (rains, is raining).
5. Listen! Ann ... in the next room (sings, is singing).
6. He always ... in his room (keeps order, is keeping order).
4.3.7.Предположим, что вы — Петр Соколов. Расскажите, что вы сейчас делаете.
*4.3.8.Скажите по-английски:
1. Сейчас правительство готовит новое законодательство. 2. В классовом обществе частная собственность разделяет людей. 3. Посмотри! Полиция атакует рабочих. 4. Ваш юрист говорит сейчас по телефону. 5. Где Петр? — Он сейчас в библиотеке конспектирует статью о государстве. 6. Что сейчас делает Стив?—Он готовится к новому процессу (trial). 7. Почему ты делишь яблоко на две части? — Одну половину — тебе, одну — себе. 8. Обычно он работает в библиотеке, но сегодня он работает дома.
4.3.9.Найдите в текстеParticiple IиParticiple II.
Определите их функции.
4.3.10.Объявляем соревнование на звание лучшего переводчика! Победитель получит приз. Будьте внимательны, переводя следующие предложения:
1. The legislation prepared by this department is very important.
2. The student answering now is rather good at this subject.
3. Trying to keep order the police often arrests the demonstrators.
4. There are some state institutions regulating the life of the society.
5. He's working very hard making notes and reading a lot.
6. Divided by the private property men begin to exploit each other.
7. Created by the class of exploiters the state is the instrument of their political power.
8. Do you know the judge speaking to Steve now?
4.3.11.Автор рассказа не совсем уверен, какое причастие употребить:Participle IилиParticiple II. Помогите ему.
The man ... at the window is my uncle John (standing, stood). He's rather unusual person. He's got five pets... in his house (living, lived). One of these pets ... Greeny is a young crocodile (calling, called). It lives in the bathroom and ... anybody but his master to come in (allowing, allowed). The other pet is a parrot ... to speak (teaching, taught). He says rather strange things sometimes. The other two pets are bulldogs ... at everybody... to the door of the flat (barking, barked) (coming, come). It's not surprising that uncle John lives alone... by his wife two years ago when his fifth pet — a large snake ... to him by a famous travellor appeared in his flat (leaving, left) (presenting, presented).
*4.3.12.Петр Соколов довольно хорошо знает теперь, что такое государство. А вы? Ответьте на несколько вопросов о государстве. (Книги закрыты.)
1. What is the state? 2. What does the class of exploiters create? What for? 3. What does the theory of the state teach? What is the state machine? 5. What does the other part of the state machine consist of? 6. What regulates the power of each state organ? 7. Why do we speak about the state only as the historical category?
4.3.13. Кто (или какая команда) сможет составить больше предложений со следующими словами (время — 5 мин):
constitution, official, parliament, regulate, consist of, government, legislation, property, society, state.
4.3.14. Петр Соколов недостаточно хорошо знает определения следующих понятий: state, army and police, state organs. Помогите ему.
4.3.15. Петр Соколов сейчас выступает на семинаре. Но он так волнуется, что не может закончить начатые фразы. Вам разрешается подсказать ему:
1. Class contradictions begin because...
2. The organs of the state are political organs because...
3. The state helps the exploiters to keep order because ...
4. The chief instruments of state power are...
* 4.3.16.Скажите по-английски:
1. Система государственных органов включает главу государства, парламент, правительство и другие органы. 2. Парламент состоит из двух палат. 3. Правящий класс регулирует законодательство. 4. Частная собственность разделяет общество в буржуазном государстве. 5. Правительство любого государства регулирует политическую жизнь в своем обществе. 6. Законодательство капиталистических государств помогает сохранить существующие отношения между правящим и рабочим классом.