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I. Read the text about changing your lifestyle. Choose the correct alternative.

Many/Much/A lot health experts believe that children and young people today are more unhealthy than they used to be. So why has this happened?

One reason is bad eating habits. A little/lot/many of young people don’t have a healthy diet. They eat too much fast food like3 hamburgers and pizza and not enough fruit and vegetables. In the US, many children eat/ are eating/have been eating fast food regularly since they were very young. In fact, almost one third of American children aged four to nineteen have eaten/ have been eating/ eat fast food nearly all the time. They also don’t do exercise and spend too few/much/many of their time watching TV, surfing the internet or playing computer games.

So how can you change your habits if you’ve followed/’re following/’ve been following an unhealthy lifestyle for a long time? First, change your diet and eat more fruit and vegetables, next, find an activity you enjoy. Why not try something different like rock climbing, surfing or hiking? Many young people have found/ found/ been finding that becoming fit and healthy can be much/ little/ a lot of fun.

Vegetarianism

Mary:

-Hi, Jane, how are you? I’ve heard you have become a vegetarian.

Jane:

-Yes, that’s true. How did you know?

Mary:

-Mary told me. She was very surprised.

Jane:

-Why? I’ve always felt that eating meat is not healthy and that we should protect animals.

Mary:

-Is it only meat that you don’t want to eat?

Jane:

-I avoid eating eggs too because in my view egg-eaters are really no better, as eggs as future chickens.

Mary:

-Are you such a passionate believer in vegetarianism? Are you one of those vegetarians who regard people who eat meat as worse than criminals?

Jane:

-No, of course not. But I feel that everybody should think about their eating habits and decide what is more important for them: pleasure and killing or a healthy way of living and saving animals’ lives. I suspect a lot of people never even think about animals and environmental protection when they eat meat.

Mary:

-Maybe you’re right but I suspect that all vegetarians harbour a secret desire for a nice juicy steak from time to time.

Jane:

-Even if that’s true, I’m not one of them. I prefer vegetables and I reckon that nearly all consumers of such poisonous things as meat, sugar, white bread and so on will die young.

Mary:

-I hope you are not correct, although I admire your strong will. I doubt I could ever give up eating meat, eggs, and cheese. But what about other areas of life? I know that vegetarianism does not only concern food.

Jane:

-Yes, vegetarianism in my personal philosophy. I fight against whaling and seal-hunting and I would never buy a fur-coat. I refuse to accept that zoos serve any useful purpose and I am in favour of wildlife parks and nature reserves.

Mary:

-That sounds interesting. Do you think that I could join you in your fight but at the same time not change my eating habits?

Jane:

-I’m sure I’ll convince you that eating meat is unhealthy sooner or later. But it’s great that you want to fight for animal rights.

Mary:

-Привет, Джейн. Как дела? Я слышал, что ты стала вегетарианкой.

Jane:

-Да, это правда. Откуда ты знаешь?

Mary:

-Мэри мне сказала. Она была очень удивлена.

Jane:

-Почему? Я всегда думала, что вредно есть мясо и что мы должны защищать животных.

Mary:

-Ты не ешь только мясо?

Jane:

-Я также избегаю яиц, потому что, по моему мнению, люди, которые едят яйца, на самом деле, ничем не лучше, потому что яйца, это ведь-будущие цыплята..

Mary:

-Ты такая страстная сторонница вегетарианства? И одна из тех людей которые относятся к людям, употребляющим в пищу мясо, хуже, чем к преступникам?

Jane:

-Нет, конечно, нет. Но я чувствую, что каждый должен думать о своих предпочтениях в еде и решить, что более важно для него: удовольствие и убийство или здоровый образ жизни и жизнь животных. Я подозреваю, что многие люди даже и не думают о животных и о защите окружающей среды, когда они едят мясо.

Mary:

-Возможно, ты права, но я подозреваю, что все вегетарианцы, время от времени, по секрету мечтают о вкусном, сочном куске мяса.

Jane:

-Даже если это правда, я не принадлежу к их числу. Я предпочитаю овощи и считаю, что почти все потребители таких вредных вещей, как мясо, сахар, белый хлеб и так далее, умирают в молодом возрасте.

Mary:

-Я надеюсь, что ты не права, хотя восхищаюсь твоей сильной волей. Я сомневаюсь, что когда-либо смогу перестать есть мясо, яйца и сыр. А что относительно других областей жизни? Я знаю, что вегетарианство касается не только пищи.

Jane:

-Да, вегетарианство –это моя личная философия. Я борюсь против охоты на китов и тюленей, и я никогда не купила бы шубу. Я не могу согласиться, что зоопарки служат какой-либо положительной цели и предпочитаю парки дикой природы и заповедники..

Mary:

-Это интересно звучит. Как ты думаешь, я могу присоединиться к тебе в твоей борьбе, но в то же самое время не изменять своих предпочтений в еде?

Jane:

-Я уверена, что рано или поздно мне удастся тебя убедить в том, что есть мясо- это вредно для здоровья. Но это замечательно, что ты хочешь бороться за права животных.

Read and discuss.

One must keep fit to do well at the University. One has to get up early to get to the University in time, one has to spend long hours indoors attending lectures and seminars or reading in the library. One has to stay up late getting ready for seminars, writing essays or doing exercises for one’s English class. So one needs to be strong and healthy. What are they ways to keep fit?

First of all you must miss no chances of outdoor activities as an antidote to our sedentary lives (сидячий образ жизни). Of course, there is your physical training class but that’s definitely not enough. Skating or skiing in winter and swimming in summer must become part of your everyday life. Second, exercise. You must exercise whenever you can – in the morning, after your classes, in the evening. Jogging has become quite popular nowadays and a lot of people run before breakfast. If you’re too busy in the morning, find some time for it in the evening. Third, regular meals are a must if you want to keep fit. Try to avoid going without any food for hours. Some students actually live on sandwiches. Remember that an apple, a glass of milk or just a raw carrot that you brought from home is a better snack than sandwiches and coffee. Fourth, and this is very important, smoking is something you must give up for good if you want to keep fit.

There is nothing new in all this. It’s everything your mother told you, but sometimes you didn’t listen. The key word is everything. You must work on everything at once-exercise, diet, health habits. There are basic principles. Try to build in at least a few routines that will last, something you’ll do every day from now on.

1. Why is physical fitness necessary for your good progress at the University?

2. What are the four rules you must follow to keep fit?

3. What outdoor activities do you practice in winter/summer?

4. Do you exercise regularly?

5. When do you exercise?

6. Describe your eating habits. Do you think they are healthy?

7. Why is smoking harmful for your health?

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