II. Notes:

1. safety precautions - меры безопасности

2. harness - рангоут и такелаж, привязные ремни

3. buoyancy - плавучесть, -надводное положение

4. dan marker - поплавок

5. inflatable - надутый воздухом

6. deflate - выпускать воздух

7. lifelines - спасательный леер (трос), бортовой леер.

8. bowsprit - бушприт

9. lifebuoys - спасательный круг

10. life saving appliances - приспособления для спасения жизни на море

III. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:

1. What regulations must any ship comply with?

2. How many life jackets must be on board a ship?

3. Where do we secure safety harnesses?

4. How do liferafts vary?

5. Why may lowering of the lifeboat call for considerable preparation?

Conversational theme № 35

I. Read, translate and learn the text:

Fishing vessels

Stern fishing vessels are being built all over the world ranging in size from small inshore fishing craft to large freezer-factory ships.

The design of the modern vessel incorporates a high soft nosed stem, well-flared bows, streamlined bridge and superst­ructure, a gantry and transom Stern.

The working deck of large stern trawler has an area which is clear of all deck fittigs, so that the trawl may be spread out.

It is essential to have a clear view of the working deck from the bridge.

When the rope fastening the cod-end is untied by the bos'n, the gleaming catch spills on to the deck.

The deckhands gut the fish which are washed in a special machine. It is the boson’s duty to see that all fish are clear of blood and slime before they are stacked in the fish room.

The fish room occupies all the space between the for castle and the bridge.

After the fi3h are gutted, the livers are collected and processed for oil.

A variety of vessels fish near and middle-waters.

Fishing through the night only a few miles from shore, the smaller boats return to catch the early market.

Living conditions on the smaller craft are inevitably, more cramped than on the deep-sea trawlers and there is little rest for the men once at sea. They are fully busy with pre­paring nets, fishing and stowing the catch.

II. Notes:

1. well-flared bow - носовые обводы с большим развалом бортов

2. streamlined - обтекаемый

3. gantry - портал

4. deck fittings - палубные дельные вещи

III. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:

1. What types of fishing vessels do you know?

2. What does the design of the modern fishing vessel incorporate?

3. What are the boatswain's duties?

4. What do the deckhands do?

5. What are living conditions on fishing vessels?

Safe operation of ships

The International Convention for the Safety of life at sea is concerned with safety and health on ships. It had been adopted in 1948 in London. The Regulation; include all aspects such аs: safe conditions of workplaces, keeping ladders and companionways clear of obstructions, provision and maintenance of non-slip walking surfaces, adequate lighting, heating and ven­tilation, appropriate instructions.

The master of the ship shall be supplied with data necessary to maintain sufficient intact stability under service conditions to enable the ship to withstand the critical damage.

There shall be permanently exibited, for the guidance of the officer in charge of the ship plan showing clearly for each deck and hold the boundaries of the watertight compartments, the ope­nings therein with the means of closure and position of any controls thereof, and the arrangements for the correction of any list due to a casualty whether the ship is upright or listed.

In no саsе shall any subdivision load line mark be placed above the deepest load line in salt water as determined by the strength of the ship and/or the International Convention respec­ting Load Lines in force.

All sidescuttles the sills of which are below the margin line, other than those required to be of a non opening type shall be of such construction as will effectively prevent any person opening them without the consent of the Master of the ship.

Ships shall be provided with an efficient bilge pumping plant capable of pumping from and draining any watertight com­partment which is neither a permanent oil compartment nor a per­manent water compartment.

The main steering gear shall be of adequate strength and sufficient to steer the ship at maximum service speed. The main steering gear and rudder stock shall be so designed that they are not damaged at maximum astern speed.