I. Vernandskiy

The term “Noosphere” was introduced by

LeRois(1927)

Type of biotic relationship when one species benefits and other one has neither harm nor profit: Symbiosis

Two species, that occupy a very similar niche are likely to be: Competitives

The major producers found in aquatic ecosystems are called: phytoplankton

The following is not correctly matched: habibo-autotroph

The wolf and the fox are on the same trophic level because both animals: Secondary consumer (heterotrophs)

The main characteristic of biomass pyramids of fresh water or marine is to be: Invented

The global warming is primarily caused by: human activities

To reduce greenhouse effect it should be done: to use alternayive sources of energy

The greenhouse gases are the following: carbon dioxide,

chlorofluricarbons, methan, nitrogen oxides

The heights of troposphere and stratosphere above the earth : troposphere 1-15 km and stratosphere 15- 55 km

To stop ozone layer depletion it should be done:

to resay, replace phreons

The primary reason of acid rain is: Burning fossil fuels

The major component of photochemical smog is: Tropospheric ozone

The main physical reason of the photochemical smog is: The atmospheric temperature inversion

To prevent or reduce waste it should be done: To use recycle materials where it is possible

The primary cause of species extinction is: Destruction of habitat

The main reason of acid rain is: Burning fossil fuels

The main source of water pollution is:Petrochemical industry

The largest landscape zone of Kazakhstan is:

Desert

The main reason of Aral Sea catastrophe is:

Use of water for irrigation

The numbers of plants and animals species included in the Red Data Book of Kazakhstan: 404 plants, 309 animals

The main anthropogenic cause of desertification:

Over-pasture

The natural reason of desertification: Climatic aridity, unevenly distribution precipitation, sand areas, wind

and water erosion, saline lands, high solar radiation

The organic part of soil that helps it to retain its moisture and nutrients is: Humus

Term “Sustainable development” referred to ecology was first introduced by :Earth declaration an environment and development Rio de Janeiro 1992

The primary body responsible for nature protection in Kazakhstan is :Ministry of Environmental Protection

The basic nature protection law of Kz is: Law on specially protected natural areas

The basic national current document about environment safety of Kz: Concept of ecological security

The international basic document about ozone layer safetyis : Montreal Protocol 1987, Kyoto protocol 1997

The international convention on control of persistent organic pollutants is: Stockholm,2001,”Dirty dozen”13,POP,wate control

The international convention about wildlife protection is: Convention on biological diversity

The intraspecific competition is the: among the members of the same species

Three functional groups of an ecosystem are: