- •In your own words …
- •List the major components …
- •List operations …
- •Call the minimal number of levels of virtual machine..
- •D escribe the functional structure of von Neumann machine.
- •Formulate and analyze Moor’s Law.
- •Instruction
- •Interpreter
- •1 7) Describe the functional structure of Computer components …
- •22) Do we mean under the Interrupts? What is the main reason of using the Interrupt Mechanism?
- •What’s the Main Cycle of Instruction Processing (mcip)?
- •19)Describe the architecture of “Hypothetical Machine”. What is the difference between translator and interpr…
- •OpCode I Address
- •2 3) Draw up diagrams of the Program Flow Control without interrupts and with interrupts, describe each fragment of
- •25) Describe the mechanism of work with interrupts.
- •57. Describe the typical Disk data layout 29. Draw a scheme of dma Transfer
- •What is the interconnection structure, and by which factors is it determined?
- •List the types of exchanges (input and output)
- •What kind of buses does the System Bus include?
- •What do we call the width of a bus?
- •What operation does the control signal “I/o read” set?
- •What problems may arise, when only one (single) bus is used in a computer system?
- •List and describe main generic types of buses.
- •Which methods of arbitration are used now?
- •Describe existed methods of access to different types of memory.
- •Which parameters are used for the estimation memory devices performance?
- •What is ram? Describe distinguishing characteristics of ram. What’s the difference between dram…
- •48)Enumerate elements of Cache Design.
- •4 9)Draw up a block-diagram of Pentium processor and explain functions of its main nodes
- •50) How is ensured the Data Cache Consistency?
- •56. How is evaluated the Disk Access Time... Disk Access Time is the main Characteristic of Disk Performance.
- •60. Describe the process of Virtual Memory..
19)Describe the architecture of “Hypothetical Machine”. What is the difference between translator and interpr…
0 3 4 15
OpCode I Address
Instruction Format
Instruction Format
0 1 15
S
Magnitude
Integer Format
2 3) Draw up diagrams of the Program Flow Control without interrupts and with interrupts, describe each fragment of
1, 2 and 3 – code seg
1, 2 and 3 – code segments refer to sequences of instructions that do not involve I/O.
The WRITE calls are calls to an I/O program that is a system utility and that will perform the actual I/O operation.
The I/O operation consists of three sections:
4 – a sequence of instructions which prepare for the operation.
I/O command – the actual I/O command.
5 – a sequence of instructions which complete the operation.
25) Describe the mechanism of work with interrupts.
IC is added to instruction cycle to accommodate interrupts
Processor checks for interrupt
Indicated by an interrupt signal if interrupts are pending (I/O module sends an interrupt request signal to the processor when the external device becomes ready to be serviced).
If no interrupt, fetch next instruction
If interrupt pending:
Suspend execution of current program
Save context
Set PC to start address of interrupt handler routine
Process interrupt
26. In the diagram “Program Flow Control” find … Interrupts are provided primarily as a way to improve processing efficiency. Program Flow Control is an abstraction (some sort of virtual operations) at the set of all possible sequences of execution in the program. Program Flow Control is an abstraction (some sort of virtual operations) at the set of all possible sequences of execution in the program. 1, 2 and 3 – code segments refer to sequences of instructions that do not involve I/O. The WRITE calls are calls to an I/O program that is a system utility and that will perform the actual I/O operation. The I/O operation consists of three sections: 4 – a sequence of instructions which prepare for the operation. I/O command – the actual I/O command. 5 – a sequence of instructions which complete the operation. The user’s program doesn’t have to contain any special code to accommodate interrupts; the processor and the operating system are responsible for suspending the user’s program and then resuming it at the same point.
27. How many techniques of I/O … Three I/O Techniques: Programmed I/O. With the programmed I/O data is exchanged between the CPU and I/O module. The CPU executes a program that gives it direct control of the I/O operation, including sensing device status, sending a read or write command and transferring data. Interrupt-driven I/O. With interrupt—driven I/O, the CPU issues an I/O command, continues to execute other instructions, and is interrupted by I/O module when the latter has completed work. Direct Memory Access (DMA). DMA permits to the I/O module and main memory exchange data directly without CPU involvement.
28. Describe the Direct Memory Access technique . CPU initializes the DMA by sending the following information through Data Register:
the starting address of the Memory block;
the word count (number of words in this block);
type of operation (Read or Write);
a control bit to start the DMA transfer.
After it CPU stops communicating with DMA Controller unless it (CPU) receives an interrupt signal or needs to check how many words have been transferred.