Lesson 3 corporations

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A business corporation is an institution established for the purpose of making profit. It is operated by individuals. Their shares of ownership are represented by stock certificates. A person who owns a stock certificate is called a stock-holder.

There are several advantages of the corporate form of ownership. The first is the ability to attract financial resources. The next advantage is the corporation attracts a large amount of capital it can invest it in plants, equipment and research. And the third advantage is that a corporation can often higher salaries and thus attract talented managers and specialists.

The privately owned business corporation is one type of corporation. There are some other types too. Educational, religious, charitable institutions can also incorporate. Usually such corporation does not issue stock and is nonprofit. If there is a profit, it is reinvested in the institution rather than distributed to private stockholders.

In some western countries, cities, states, federal government and special agencies can establish governmental corporations. A few examples of these governmental corporations are state universities, state hospitals and city owned utilities. Governmental corporations are non-profit as a rule and usually they do not issue stock certificates.

Active Vocabulary

corporation	корпорація
to establish	започатковувати
stock certificate	акція
stockholder (shareholder)	акціонер, власник акцій
to attract financial resources	залучувати фінансові ресурси
to offer high salaries	пропонувати високу зарплатню
to attract a large amount of capital	залучувати великий капітал
educational, religious,	освітні, релігійні,
charitable institutions	благодійні заклади
to issue stock	випускати акції
nonprofit	неприбутковий
to reinvest	вкладати ще раз

Comprehension Questions

1. Who can own a corporation?

2. Is a corporation necessarily larger than a sole proprietorship?

3. What are the advantages of the corporate form of ownership?

4. What can you say about the disadvantages of the corporate form of ownership?

5. Do the corporations issue stock to stockholder?

6. What kind of corporations usually don't issue the stock?

7. What world-known corporations do you know?

8. What types of business usually take the corporate form of ownership?

Vocabulary Practice

Exercise 1. Choose the necessary word and put it in the sentence.

1. What kind of... is better: buying stock or buying real estate?	1 charitable
2. To attract greater financial... the company issues the stock.	2 stock
3. A university can be... corporation.	3 resources
4. The partners didn't put the same... into business.	4 institution
5. The group of people from different countries are going to... a corporation.	5 investment
6. The Red Cross is an international... organization.	6 nonprofit
7. I want to buy some ... in IBM and General Motors.	7 amount of capital
8. An educational... usually reinvests all its money.	8 to establish