Фонетичні правила читання голосних

Тип

складу

І тип

відкритий

ІІ тип

закритий

ІІІ тип

r після голосної

ІV тип

r між голосними

a

[ei]

hate

[æ]

hat

[a:]

hard

[εə ]

care

o

[ou]

note

[P]

not

[O:]

nor

[O:]

more

u

[ju:]

tube

[V], [A]

put, cut

[ə:]

turn

[juq ]

cure

e

[i:]

Pete

[e]

met

[ə:]

her

[iq ]

here

i, y

[ai]

fine, my

[i]

till, gyps

[W]

girl, Byrd

[aiq ]

fire, tyre

Обставина

часу, місця

Підмет

Обставина образу дії

Присудок

Додаток

Обставина

In winter

children

often

play

snowballs

in the school yards.

He

usually

does

his homework

in time.

Стверджувальне речення The shops close / don’t close at 7 tonight.

Питальне речення Do the shops close at 7 tonight?

Спонукальне речення Shut the door. / Don’t shut the door.

Вигукне речення What a slow train this is!

Indefinite

Continuous

be + V-ing

Perfect

have + V-ed (3ф)

Perfect

Continuous

have been + V-ed (3ф)

Present

V(s)

I write a letter.

She writes a letter.

I am writing a letter now.

I have just written a letter.

I have been writing a letter for an hour.

Past

V-ed (2ф)

I wrote a letter an hour ago.

I worked hard.

I was writing a letter when you called me.

I said that I had already written a letter.

I had been writing a letter when you came.

Future

will + V

I will write a letter next week.

I will be writing a letter at 5.

I will have written a letter by 5.

I will have been writing a letter for an hour tomorrow.

Indefinite

be + V-ed (3ф)

Continuous

be being + V-ed (3ф)

Perfect

have been + V-ed (3ф)

Present

The letter is written.

The letter is being written now.

The letter has been written.

Past

The letter was written.

The letter was being written when you called.

He said that the letter had not been written yet.

Future

The letter will be written.

The letter will have been written by 5 o’clock.

особові

I you he she it we you they

me you him her it us you them

присвійні

my your his her its our your their

mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs

зворотні та підсилюючі

myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves

взаємні

each other, one another

вказівні

this (these), that (those), such, the same

питальні

who, whom, whose, what, which

відносні та з’єднувальні

who, whom, whose, what, which, that

невизначені

some, any, one, all, each, every, other, another, both, many, much, few, little, either, no, none, neither