Three Types of Conditional Sentences

(Три типи умовних речень)

І. Умовне речення з реальною умовою (дія, що відбудеться за деяких обставин у теперішньому чи майбутньому	if + Present Simple, will + Infinitive (без to) If the weather keeps fine, we’ll go to the country. – Якщо погода залишатиметься доброю, ми поїдемо у передмістя.
ІІ. Умовне речення з малоймовірною умовою (дія, що могла би відбутися у теперішньому чи майбутньому)	if + Past Simple, would (could, might) + Infinitive If he had money, he would pay you. – Якщо у нього були би гроші, він би вам заплатив. If I were President, I would make everybody happy. – Якщо б я був президентом, я зробив би усіх щасливими.
ІІІ. Умовне речення з нереальною умовою (дія, що могла би відбутися у минулому, але не відбулася)	if + Past Perfect, would (could, might) + Present Perfect If you had tried, you would have done it. (but you didn’t) – Якщо б ви спробували, ви би це зробили.

Умовні підрядні речення вводяться сполучниками if, unless, provided, providing (that), on condition (that).

We’ll go swimming unless it rains. – Ми підемо плавати, якщо не піде дощ.

He can come with us provided he pays for his own meal. – Він може піти з нами, якщо він сам за себе платитиме.

Для умовних речень ІІ та ІІІ типів можлива інверсія, якщо речення починається з were, had, should.

Were I there, I would help them. – Якщо я би там був, я би їм допоміг.

Should the talks last longer, I’ll have to cancel my appointment. – Якщо переговори триватиме довше, я повинен буду відкласти свою зустріч.

Exercise 9 Translate the sentences.

1. He would have helped him if he had time yesterday. 2. If I see him tomorrow I will tell him about this event. 3. The application of plastics would reduce maintenance costs. 4. They would start the experiment if the permission were given. 5. They would have started the experiment yesterday if permission had been given. 6. If the scientists found the ways to predict earthquakes, it would be possible to evacuate people from the regions and thus save many human lives. 7. If you approach the village from the north, you will see a tall deserted building that once was a landlord’s place. 8. Had you planned your time better, you wouldn’t have come to the station one minute before the train left. 9. If you had warned me in advance, I might have helped you. 10. You would never get lost in a new city provided you have a map. 11. You will get well unless you give up smoking.

Exercise 10 Make sentences from charts A and B.

A			B
If I	found were had didn’t eat didn’t smoke	cakes the answer a car taller so much a lot of money president some money the street	I would I wouldn’t	feel better. try to get a job as a policeman. lose weight. buy a big house. build more schools and hospitals. keep it. tell you. give you a lift.

Exercise 11 Open the brackets and say each sentence three times, forming the Conditional sentences of the 1^st, 2^nd and 3^rd types.

Model: If you (be) free, I (come) to see you.

If you are free, I will come to see you.

If you were free, I would come to see you.

If you had been free, I would have come to see you.

1. If my friend (come) to see me, I (be) very glad. 2. If mother (buy) a cake, we (have) a very nice tea party. 3. If we (receive) a telegram from him, we (not worry). 4. If you (not work) systematically, you (fail) at the examination. 5. If you (be) busy, I (leave) you alone. 6. If I (live) in Moscow, I (visit) the Tretyakov Gallery every year. 7. If I (get) a ticket, I (go) to the Philharmonic. 8. If I (live) near a wood, I (gather) a lot of mushrooms. 9. If my father (return) early, we (watch) TV together. 10. If she (know) English, she (try) to enter the university.

Exercise 12 Put in the correct verb forms for a 2^nd type conditional sentence.

1. The kitchen (look) better if we (have) red curtains. 2. I (be) sorry if we (not see) her again. 3. It (be) a pity if Andy (not get) the job. 4. If I (know) his address, I (go) round and see her. 5. What (you do) if you (win) the lottery? 6. It (be) quicker if you (use) a computer. 7. If you (not be) so busy, I (show) you how to play. 8. If we (have) some eggs, I (make) you a cake. 9. If you really (love) me, you (buy) me those diamonds. 10. I’m sure Moira (help) you if you (ask) her. 11. If it (not be) so cold, I (tidy) up the garden. 12. If I (have) the keys, I (show) you the cellar. 14. Where (you go) if you (need) to buy a picture frame?

Exercise 13 Put in the correct verb forms for a 3^rd type conditional sentence.

1. If I (know) you were coming, I (invite) some friends in. 2. The team (win) if Jones (play) better. 3. If they (not cut) off the electricity, I (finish) my work. 4. If Bell (not invent) the telephone, somebody else (do) it. 5. If you (not spend) so much time making up, we (not be) late. 6. The burglars (not get) in if you (remember) to lock the door. 7. If he (not be) a film star, he (not become) President. 8. If she (have) more sense, she (sell) her car years ago. 9. If he (not spend) so much on his holiday, he (have) enough to pay for the house repairs. 10. You (not catch) cold, if you (take) your coat. 11. We (get) better tickets if we (book) earlier. 12. ‘If Cleopatra’s nose (be) shorter, the whole history of the world (be) different.’ (Pascal)

Exercise 14 Choose the correct verb forms.

1. If she (comes/come) late again, she’ll lose her job. 2. I’ll let you know if I (find/found) out what’s happening. 3. If we (live/lived) in a town, life would be easier. 4. I’m sure he wouldn’t mind if we (arrive/arrived) early. 5. (We’ll/We’d) phone you if we have time. 6. If I won the lottery, I (will/would) give you half the money. 7. It (will/would) be a pity if she married Fred. 8. If I’m free on Saturday, I (will/would) go to the mountains. 9. She (will/would) have a nervous breakdown if she goes on like this. 10. I know I’ll feel better if I (stop/stopped) smoking.