IV. Language
Exercise 8. Find in the text and put down English equivalents to the following word combinations:
Заключне рішення, бути в основі, культурні традиції, розглядати аспекти, вимагати значного дослідження, включати низку ступенів, для того щоб, скорочувати витрати, стислий проект, пов’язані теми, надати нове значення терміну, дослідження подібних проектних рішень.
Exercise 9. Make up the possible word combinations out of the following and translate them:
1. final 2. applied 3. virtual 4. various 5. web 6. functional 7. interactive 8. designed 9. constructive |
a. criticism b. drawing c. area d. designer e. aspect f. art g. adjustment h. model i. concept j. solution |
Exercise 10. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words given below:
1. "To design" refers to the process of … and developing a plan for a product, structure, system, or component with … .
2. Virtual concepts such as … and cultural traditions are sometimes … .
3. A … may include a series of steps followed by designers.
4. Specification means specifying … of a design solution for a product or service.
5. Implementation denotes introducing the designed solution into the … .
Requirements; design process; designed; environment; corporate identity; intention; originating |
V. Comprehension
Exercise 11. Find in the text and translate a passage describing:
a). aspects to be considered by designers during designing;
b). the definition of design(noun/verb);
c). main components of pre-production design
Exercise 12. Agree or disagree with the statements. Correct the false statements.
Use the expressions for:
Agreement: I agree with you; You are right; Certainly; Exactly so ; I fully support you
Disagreement: I can’t agree with you; I am afraid you are mistaken; Not quite so; This is not true; I disagree with the statement that…
1. Processes can’t be considered as products of design.
2. In a broader way design means applied arts and engineering.
3. Designers are people who work professionally in various design areas.
4. A designer is supposed to consider the aesthetic aspect of an object.
5. There are just two stages in design process.
6. Redesign presupposes correcting mistakes that occurred during design process.
7. Implementation is one of the most important stages.
Exercise 13. Answer the questions:
1. What spheres of our life does a designer deal with?
2. What is a designer?
3. What steps does the design process consist of according to production?
4. Which of the steps do you find most important?
5. Which of the steps would you eliminate?
6. What does design (to design) mean?
7. What can be the final product of a design process?
VI Reading
Exercise 14. Read the text. Explain the essence of design process according to Dino Dini.
What is your attitude to the theory "The management of constraints"?
Use phrases: in my opinion, to my mind, I`d rather say that, in fact, there`s no doubt that, furthermore, frankly speaking, according to.
Notes:
|
2. constraint – примус, тиснення
3. negotiable – обіговий, договірний
Text B
According to video game developer Dino Dini in a talk given at the 2005 Game Design and Technology Workshop held by Liverpool JM University, design underpins every form of creation from objects such as chairs to the way we plan and execute our lives. For this reason it is useful to seek out some common structure that can be applied to any kind of design, whether this be for video games, consumer products or one's own personal life. For such an important concept, the question "What is Design?" appears to yield answers with limited usefulness.
Dino Dini states that the design process can be defined as "The management of constraints". He identifies two kinds of constraint, negotiable and non-negotiable. The first step in the design process is the identification, classification and selection of constraints. The process of design then proceeds from here by manipulating design variables so as to satisfy the nonnegotiable
constraints and optimizing those which are negotiable. It is possible for a set of non-negotiable constraints to be in conflict resulting in a design with no solution; in this case the non-negotiable constraints must be revised. For example, take the design of a chair. A chair must support a certain weight to be useful, and this is a non-negotiable constraint. The cost of producing the chair might be another. The choice of materials and the aesthetic qualities of the chair might be negotiable.
Dino Dini theorizes that poor designs occur as a result of mismanaged constraints, something he claims can be seen in the way the video game industry makes "Must be Fun" a negotiable constraint where he believes it should be non-negotiable.