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The state structure of Ukraine

Ukraine declared its independence on August 24, 1991 and quickly adopted a multiparty system and legislative protections for minority rights. On 1st of December, 1991 the everlasting dream of the Ukrainian people came true. 90 % of the people voted for the independence of Ukraine and since that time the Ukrainian people have become the masters of their own destiny.

Nowadays Ukraine is a democratic state, ruled by the law and created an implementation of the people’s sovereign right to self-determination. Ukraine patterned its government on the Western model, with three separate branches. Executive powers are vested in a president who is elected by popular vote for a five-year term. He exercises his executive authority through the Government, the Cabinet of Ministers which is accountable to him, and through a system of central and local organs of state executive authority. Ukraine is divided into 24 regions and the Autonomous Republic of Crimea each of which has elected council, whose Chairperson, elected at large, also serves as head of the executive branch. The unicameral legislature’s powers include enacting legislation, ratifying treaties, impeaching the president under certain circumstances, and approving the budget. The judiciary is autonomous and precedent plays no part in trials as judges decide cases on their merits within the dictates of codified law. A Prime Minister is nominated by the President and is the subject to approval by the Verkhovna Rada which is the Parliament of Ukraine.

Winning 61.6 per cent of the votes, Leonyd Kravchuk became the first President of Ukraine. The nation supported Leonyd Kravchuk’s programme aimed at the construction of a New Ukraine, where generations would combine efforts in asserting a strong state system, genuine democracy, material well-being, elevated spiritual awareness.

In 1994, Ukraine’s first elected president was not re-elected, and he quietly ceded office to his opponent. That peaceful transition and a growing economy are encouraging signs of Ukraine’s progress as an independent nation. A new constitution that guarantees basic human rights and provides for a pluralistic system was adopted in June 1996.

Ukraine as an independent state

A new state, Ukraine with the capital in Kyiv, appeared on the world political map in 1991. Ukraine occupies an area of 603,700 square kilometres. In the North Ukraine borders on Belarus; in the East and North-East on Russia; in the South-West on Hungary, Romania and Moldova; in the West on Poland and Slovakia. In the South Ukraine is washed by the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov.

The population of Ukraine is Ukrainians. Besides, Russians, Jews, Byelorussians, Moldovians, Armenians, Crimean Tartars, Poles, Bulgarians and other nations and nationalities live here.

Nowadays Ukraine is a democratic state, ruled by the law and created as an implementation of the people’s sovereign right to self-determination. The Ukrainian political system has a popularly elected President, a 450-person single-chamber national Parliament – the Verkhovna Rada. The President is the highest official of the Ukrainian state.

The national emblems of Ukraine are the coat of arms, the flag and the seal. The contemporary national Coat of Arms is the trident, or tryzub. The trident is an ancient symbol of the Ukrainian people, dating back more than 3000 years. As a heraldic symbol it first appeared on the coins minted under Prince Volodymyr Svyatoslavych.

Following the Declaration of Independence, the blue-and-yellow flag was adapted as the national flag of Ukraine.

The geographical position of Ukraine is very favourable for the development of its industry and agriculture as well as for the development of the relations with countries of Europe and the countries throughout the world.