- •Английский язык
- •Часть 1
- •Unit 1. Animal husbandry
- •Text a Domestic Animals
- •Text b Dairy Cattle
- •Text c Starting Beekeeping - Why and How
- •II. Vocabulary Section
- •Vocabulary study
- •Vocabulary Tasks
- •III. Group Discussion: Visiting a Poultry Farm
- •1. Read the text about poultry farming.
- •2. Imagine you work on/visit a poultry farm. Work in small groups.
- •IV. Final Activity
- •Visit the link www.Izhgsha.Ru to find out more about the Faculty of Animal Husbandry of the Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy.
- •Unit 2. Food processing
- •I. Reading and Speaking Practice Section
- •1. Guess the meaning of the following international words:
- •2. Match the English names of the trees with their Russian equivalents:
- •3. Discuss in small groups the following points (see Appendix 1 on p.69 ):
- •Text a Food
- •Real Bread
- •Consider the headline and the subtitles of the text. Then read the text to find out:
- •- The main concept of Lammas festival;
- •Text c Hot Dog History
- •II. Vocabulary Section
- •Vocabulary study
- •Vocabulary Tasks
- •Tricky words
- •III. Presentation
- •1. Find information in the text about national peculiarities and history of cooking in Britain. Fish and chips
- •2. Prepare a short presentation on one of the topics given below (see Appendix 4 on p. 73)
- •IV. Final Activity
- •Visit the link www.Izhgsha.Ru to find out more about the Department of the Technology of Food Processing and Catering Service Department of the Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy.
- •Miscellaneous
- •Unit 3. Veterinary
- •I. Reading and Speaking Practice Section.
- •Guess the meaning of the following international words:
- •2. Match the English names of diseases with their Russian equivalents:
- •Discuss in small groups the following points
- •Veterinary
- •Junk food is causing pet obesity epidemic
- •Pet owners are increasingly feeding their animals a dangerously unhealthy diet of junk food, including curry, pizza and ice-cream, a charity has warned
- •It is Interesting To Know
- •Leptospirosis*
- •II. Vocabulary Section
- •Vocabulary study
- •Vocabulary Tasks
- •Tricky words
- •Word-formation
- •III. Presentation
- •1. Find the information in the text about national peculiarities of keeping pets. A Nation of Animal Lovers
- •2. Prepare a short presentation on one of the problems given below (see Appendix 4 on p. 73)
- •IV. Final Activity
- •Visit the link www.Izhgsha.Ru to find out more about the Faculty of Medical Veterinary of the Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy.
- •Miscellaneous
- •Unit 4. Agronomy
- •I. Reading and Speaking Practice Section
- •1. Guess the meaning of the following international words:
- •2. Match the English names of herbs with their Russian equivalents:
- •3. Discuss in small groups the following points (see Appendix 1 on p. 69):
- •Text b Plant a Country Garden
- •II. Vocabulary Section
- •Vocabulary study
- •Vocabulary Tasks
- •Tricky words
- •III. Presentation
- •1. Find the information about the history of farming in Great Britain. Write out and memorize words and expressions connected with agriculture.
- •2. You are participants of the International Agricultural Conference “Food Plants and their Cultivation in Different Countries”. Make short reports on the following subjects:
- •IV. Final Activity
- •Visit the link www.Izhgsha.Ru to find out more about the Faculty of Agronomy of the Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy.
- •Miscellaneous Poetry
- •2. Daffodils
- •Gardening Calendar
- •Unit 5. Forestry (green business)
- •Text a Forestry
- •It Is Interesting To Know
- •Vocabulary study
- •Generation n -
- •Vocabulary Tasks
- •Tricky words
- •III. Presentation
- •1. Find the information about the history of forestry in Great Britain and complete the chronological table.
- •Into the Green Wood
- •Miscellaneous
- •Speech Patterns
- •Аннотирование публицистического текста Аннотация
- •Структура аннотации
- •При написании используйте следующие клише:
- •Рекомендации к оформлению личного письма
- •Making a Presentation
- •Introduction
- •Список использованной литературы: Книги
- •Статьи из газет и журналов
- •Электронные ресурсы
- •Английский язык
- •Часть 1
- •426069, Г. Ижевск, ул. Студенческая, 11
Text b Dairy Cattle
Consider the headline and the subtitle of the text. What do you know about the topic?
Do you consider keeping dairy cattle very profitable?
Read the text to find out:
- what housing conditions for dairy cattle are;
- how long a period of gestation lasts.
I. Dairy cattle. Dairy cows are cattle cows (adult females). Farmers breed them to produce large quantities of milk from which people make dairy products. Dairy cows generally are of the species Bos taurus.
Historically there was little distinction between dairy cattle and beef cattle. People used the same stock for both meat and milk production. Today farmers specialize in dairy cows and breed them to produce large volumes of milk. Between 1959 and 1990 the US milk production doubled while the number of beef cattle declined.
One may find dairy cows in herds on dairy farms where farmers own, manage, care for and collect milk from them. Dairy cow herds range in size from small farms of fewer than five cows to large herds of about 20,000. The average dairy farmer in the United States manages about one hundred cows. Herd sizes are different around the world and depend on landholding culture and social structure. In many European countries the average herd size is well below 50cows. In the UK it is over 100 cows in New Zealand 350 cows and Australia 280 cows.
To maintain high milk production a dairy cow must produce calves.Then the farmer keeps female calves (heifers) with dairy breeding as replacement cows for the dairy herd. If a replacement cow turns out to be a substandard producer of milk she then goes to market and can be killed for beef. Male calves can be used later as a breeding bull or sold and used for veal or beef. Most dairy farmers begin breeding heifers at fifteen months. A cow's gestation period is approximately nine months, so most heifers give birth at around two years of age.
II. Milk production levels. A cow will produce large amounts of milk
over her lifetime. Certain breeds produce more milk than others; however, different breeds produce from 15,000 to 25,000 pounds of milk per lactation. The average for dairy cows in the US in 2005 was 19,576 pounds.
Production levels peak at around 40 to 60 days after calving. Then a dairy farmer breeds the cow. Production declines steadily afterwards until at about 305 days after calving the cow is 'dried off' and milking ceases. About sixty days later one year after the birth of her previous calf a cow will calve again. High production cows are more difficult to breed at a one year interval.
Dairy cows may continue to be economically productive for many lactations. Ten or more lactations are possible.
Herd life strongly correlates with production levels. Lower production cows live longer than high production cows, but may be less profitable. If a cow gives not enough milk the owner may send the cow to slaughter. Meat of such cows is of relatively low value.
(http://en.wikipedia.org)
Practice 1. Look through the text to find out who this text is intended for:
1) general reader;
2) students in animal husbandry;
3) professional zoo technicians.
Practice 2. Reread the article to re-arrange the following questions in a logical order and write a summary of the article.
1. How long does a cow`s gestation period last?
2. Do specialists make distinction between dairy cattle and beef cattle nowadays?
3. When do milk production levels peak?
4. What is important to maintain high milk production?
5. What do dairy farmers breed dairy cows for?
6. How long can dairy cows be economically productive?
7. Where do farmers keep dairy cows?
Practice 3. Concentrate on discovering the author’s main idea. Select the statement which best expresses the author’s main idea.
1. It is important to make distinction between dairy cattle and beef cattle.
2. Milk production levels depend on type of cattle and stock living conditions in herds.
3. Dairy cows may continue to be economically productive for many lactations due to proper farm management.
Practice 4. Make a review of the article. (use the vocabulary from Appendix 2
on p. 70)
Practice 5. Make a report about dairy cattle as if you owned a dairy farm (use the information from the article).
Practice 6. What are advantages and disadvantages of dairy farm management in your home region, in Russia, abroad?