- •Содержание
- •Введение
- •1 Lesson 1 My speciality
- •2 Lesson 2 Geography
- •Geography - a Study of the Earth and What It Holds
- •Subdivisions of topical geography
- •Subdivisions of regional geography
- •3 Lesson 3 Geography and Maps
- •4 Lesson 4 Components of Maps
- •5 Lesson 5 Weather and Climate
- •6 Lesson 6 The Universe and the Solar System
- •Figure 2
- •7 Lesson 7 The Earth
- •Figure 3
- •8 Lesson 8 The Ocean
- •9 Lesson 9 The Map of the World
- •11 Lesson 11 Africa
- •12 Lesson 12 North America
- •13 Lesson 13 South America
- •Аргентина – Argentina
- •14 Lesson 14 Antarctica
- •15 Lesson 15 Europe
- •16 Lesson 16 Australia and Oceania
- •17 Тексты для дополнительного чтения
- •17.1 The librarian who first measured the Earth
- •17.2 A Hook to the Earth
- •17.3 Gold mines under the sea
- •17.4 Getting into Deep Water
- •17.5 Climate and Man
- •17.6 Temperature Scales
- •17.7 Mountains that explode
- •17.8 Glaciers
- •17.9 Types of Glaciers
- •17.10 Tides
- •17.11 Eurasia
- •17.12 Ural Mountains
- •18 Test translation
- •19 Grammar Revision Exercises
- •19.1 Времена Indefinite, Continuous и Perfect Active
- •19.2 Степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий
- •19.3 Типы вопросов (Types of Questions)
- •19.4 Страдательный залог (Passive Voice)
- •19.5 Причастие (The Participle)
- •19.6 Независимый причастный оборот
- •19.7 Герундий (The Gerund)
- •19.8 Инфинитив (The Infinitive)
- •19.9 Субъектный инфинитивный оборот (Complex Subject)
- •19.10 Объектный инфинитивный оборот (Complex Object)
- •19.11 Условные предложения (Conditional Sentences)
- •Список использованных источников
19 Grammar Revision Exercises
19.1 Времена Indefinite, Continuous и Perfect Active
Таблица 2
Время |
Present |
Past |
Future |
Indefinite |
He swims (always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, every day) |
He swam (yesterday, last week (month, year), a week ago, last time) |
He will swim (tomorrow, in a week, next time(month, year)) |
Continuous |
He is swimming (now) |
He was swimming ( all the morning, from 2 till 5 o’clock, when you came, at that time yesterday) |
He will be swimming (from 2 till 5 o’clock tomorrow, when mother comes) |
Perfect |
He has swum (already, still, yet, recently, today, just, ever, never, this week (month, year)) |
He had swum (by 5 0`clock yesterday, before you come, by the end of…) |
He will have swum ( by 5 o’clock, tomorrow, before you come) |
Translate into Russian paying attention to the forms of the verbs
1. Scientists continue to study Lake Baikal.2. There is a risk that the contamination will spread to the water wells which supply the city. 3. Scientific investigation of the Antarctic region has been predominant human activity since the 1950s. 4.In 1972 Ceylon became the Republic of Sri Lanka. 5. Even after a hundred years of observational study, the oceans remain underexplored and our knowledge of many of the key-processes occurring within them is still fragmentary. 6. According to statistics the population of Africa is growing. 7. The north of Canada near the Arctic is tundra with great forests to the south. 8. Water managers are also becoming increasingly concerned about the unpredictable effects of climatic variability on water resources.
Open the brackets and put the verbs in the proper tenses
Seismology, the study of the earth’s movements, (become) a science only in the nineteenth century when special instruments were invented. 2. Geologists (know) much about the outside of the Earth, but they (be) not quite sure about the inside. 3. Australia (have) several climatic regions, from warm to subtropical and tropical. 4. Ecologists (express) concern for the fate of the Aral Sea and Lake Balkhash. 5. In geography, Lomonosov (evolve) a project for putting the great Northern Route to use, and (conduct) a number of valuable climatological observation. 6. Lying between latitudes 34 and 48 degrees, New Zealand position in the Southern Hemisphere (correspond) with that of Italy in the Northern Hemisphere. 7. Volcanic eraptions (kill) nearly 200,000 people in the last 600 years.
19.2 Степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий
(Degrees of Comparison)
Таблица 3
Положительная степень |
Сравнительная степень |
Превосходная степень |
happy
little bad, badly much, many |
faster happier more difficult better less worse more |
(the) fastest (the) happiest (the) most difficult (the) best (the) least (the) worst (the) most |
Translate into Russian paying attention to the Degrees of Comparison
1. Dublin is the largest city and principal seaport of the Republic of Ireland. 2. Forests protect the soil and water resources better than the most excellent artificial measures. 3. The most accurate and complete method to determine the minimum age of the Earth is to study radioactive minerals. 4. Another method to estimate the age of the oldest rocks is to compare the rate of decomposition today with the total thickness of sedimentary rocks formed throughout all geologic time. 5. Rain is the most common precipitation form. 6. Though longer than the British Isles, New Zealand is narrower, with no greater breadth than 280 miles an any point. 7. The Niagara Falls, on the Niagara River between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario, are one of the most splendid sights in the world. 8. The Dnieper is not so long as the Volga.