- •1. Read the text and answer the questions.
- •2. Match the words with the correct definition.
- •3. Complete the sentences below with one of the words from the box.
- •1. Before you read this text discuss the following questions.
- •3. Decide whether the statements are true or false.
- •1. Before you read the text match these words (1-6) to their meaning (a-f)
- •2. Answer the following questions.
- •3. Complete the sentences using the words in box.
- •1. Answer the questions before reading the text.
- •2. Match the beginning of the sentences (1-5) with their endings (a-e)
- •3. Explain the meaning of the following words.
- •1. Answer the question before reading the text.
- •2. State the country where the following manufacturers in computing are
- •5. Match the words with their definition.
- •1. Name five major producers of microprocessors.
- •Intel Core i7-975 ee and Core i5-750
- •2. Read the text an answer the questions after it.
- •3. Read the text again and choose the correct answer to complete these
- •1. Answer these questions.
- •In a hermetically sealed hc-49/us package,
- •3. Find the word in the text that best matches with the appropriate
- •4. Decide whether the following statements true or false.
- •1. Guess the meaning of the following words
- •2. Read the text and answer the questions after it.
- •3. Complete the sentences below using the words from the box.
- •4. Make up questions for the following answers.
- •1. Read the text and answer the questions.
- •2. Complete the sentences below with one of the words from the box.
- •3. Find synonyms for the following words in the text.
- •2. Read the following text and check your answers.
- •3. Read the text and say whether the sentence is true or false.
- •5. Word Search. Find as many words from the text as possible in the grid below. There are 5 words all together.
- •1. Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian.
- •2. Read the text, complete the sentences and translate them into Ukrainian.
- •4. Put the letters into the order to make up words. Find sentences with these words in the text and translate them into Ukrainian.
- •5. Put all kinds of questions to the given sentences.
- •1. Read and discuss the text.
- •3. Fill in the missing words and translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •1. Before reading the text, choose the possible answer.
- •2. Read the following text and discuss in groups.
- •4. Answer the following questions.
- •1. Read the text and say what debugging is.
- •2. Read the text and choose the right variant.
- •3. Answer the following questions.
- •5 . Put all kinds of questions to the given sentences.
- •1. Before reading the text, try to answer the following questions:
- •3. Say whether it is true or false.
- •4. Find 5 words from the text in the grid below. Then make up your own sentences using these words.
- •5. Put the words into the right order to make up sentences and translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •1. Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian.
- •5. Write a short summary of the text.
- •1. Before reading the text try to answer the following questions and
- •2. Read the text, give it your own title and make up a plan to it.
- •3. Say whether it is true or false.
- •4. Read the given sentences and denote the tense and voice. Put all
- •5. Write a summary to the text using the given key-words.
- •1. Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian.
- •2. Read the text and answer the questions.
- •3. Put the letters into the correct order to make up the words. Find these words in the text and translate sentences with the given words into Ukrainian.
- •5. Give your own title to the text and make up a plan to it. Retell the text according to your plan.
- •1. Before reading the text try to answer the following questions.
- •3. Say whether these sentences are true or false.
- •Summary Lesson
- •II . Make up your own sentences using the words given in the guessing game above.
- •Vocabulary file
- •Vocabulary file 48
- •Методичні вказівки
2. Read the text and answer the questions.
What is based on a timer?
Why must programs be carefully designed and tested?
What must be controlled by some synchronization strategy?
Why do organizations buy a real-time operating systems?
What does a real-time operating system allow the application programmers to do?
What is a microkernel?
What is the usual arrangement?
What do user mode processes implement?
What can you say about exokernels?
10)What type of embedded system is increasing in popularity?
11)What are the reasons for this?
3. Put the letters into the correct order to make up the words. Find these words in the text and translate sentences with the given words into Ukrainian.
eritm
esesmaproh
nelcimroker
eexuconti
oxeslenerk
rewadrah
lithmonohic
4. Continue the given sentences:
Depending on how much functionality is required, it introduces …
As any code can potentially damage the data of another task programs must be …
Access to shared data must be controlled by some synchronization strategy, such as ..
Because of these complexities, it is common for organizations to …
Smaller systems often cannot afford the …
Microkernels succeed when …
The hardware and all the software in the system are …
A microkernel is a …
Despite the increased cost in hardware, this type of embedded system is …
Development systems can start out …
5. Give your own title to the text and make up a plan to it. Retell the text according to your plan.
Unit 19 Modern DSPs
1. Before reading the text try to answer the following questions.
Do all DSPs provide the same speed?
What company provides a multi-core DSPs family MSC 81xx?
What does Analog Devices produce?
Do most DSPs use fixed-point arithmetic?
What might product developers use to reduce the cost and complexity of software development in exchange for more expensive hardware?
2. Read the text and check your answers.
Modern signal processors yield greater performance. This is due in part to both technological and architectural advancements like lower design rules, fast-access two-level cache, (E)DMA circuit and a wider bus system. Of course, not all DSPs provide the same speed and many kinds of signal processors exist, each one of them being better suited for a specific task, ranging in price from about US$1.50 to US$300.
A Texas Instruments C6000 series DSP clocks at 1.2 GHz and implements separate instruction and data caches as well as an 8 MiB 2nd level cache, and its I/O speed is rapid thanks to its 64 EDMA channels. The top models are capable of as many as 8000 MIPS (million instructions per second), use VLIW (very long instruction word) encoding, perform eight operations per clock-cycle and are compatible with a broad range of external peripherals and various buses (PCI/serial/etc). TMS320C6474 chips each have three such DSPs, and the newest generation C6000 chips support floating point as well as fixed point processing.
Another player at the high-end signal processor manufacturer today is Freescale. The company provides a multi-core DSPs family MSC81xx. The MSC81xx is based on StarCore Architecture processors. The latest MSC8144 DSP combines four programmable SC3400 StarCore DSP cores. Each SC3400 StarCore DSP core runs at 1 GHz. The SC3400 performed higher than any other programmable DSP at 1 GHz on BDTIsimMark2000 results published by Berkeley Design Technology, Inc. (BDTI).
Another major signal processor manufacturer today is Analog Devices. The company provides a broad range of DSPs, but its main portfolio is multimedia processors, such as codecs, filters and digital-analog converters. Its SHARC-based processors range in performance from 66 MHz/198 MFLOPS (million floating-point operations per second) to 400 MHz/2400MFLOPS. Some models even support multiple multipliers and ALUs, SIMD instructions and audio processing-specific components and peripherals. Another product of the company is the Blackfin family of embedded digital signal processors, with models like the ADSP-BF531 to ADSP-BF536. These processors combine the features of a DSP with those of a general use processor. As a result, these processors can run simple operating systems like μCLinux, velOSity and Nucleus RTOS while operating relatively efficiently on real-time data.
Another player is NXP Semiconductors based on TriMedia VLIW technology, optimized for audio and video processing. In some products the DSP core is hidden as a fixed-function block into an SoC, but NXP also provides a range of flexible single core media processors, such as the with a complete software development kit and a library of codecs and filters. The TriMedia media processors support both fixed-point arithmetic as well as floating-point arithmetic, and have specific instructions to deal with complex filters and entropy coding.
Most DSPs use fixed-point arithmetic, because in real world signal processing the additional range provided by floating point is not needed, and there is a large speed benefit and cost benefit due to reduced hardware complexity. Floating point DSPs may be invaluable in applications where a wide dynamic range is required. Product developers might also use floating point DSPs to reduce the cost and complexity of software development in exchange for more expensive hardware, since it is generally easier to implement algorithms in floating point.
Generally, DSPs are dedicated integrated circuits, however DSP functionality can also be realized using Field Programmable Gate Array chips.
Embedded general-purpose RISC processors are becoming increasingly DSP like in functionality. For example, ARM Cortex-A8 has a 128-bit wide SIMD unit that can have impressive 16- and 8-bit performance for industry standard benchmarks. OMAP3 processors include a Cortex-A8, and optionally incorporate a C6000 DSP, so designs can choose the best approach: higher end DSP, or ARM-based "DSP lite".