- •Lesson two stylistics Functional Styles in Modern English
- •I.V. Arnold
- •F unctional Styles (y.M.Screbnev)
- •Literary colloquial
- •Familiar colloquial
- •Functional Styles (I.R.G.)
- •The Language of Poetry.
- •Emotive prose.
- •The Publicist Style, its Substyles, and their Peculiarities
- •2) Careful paragraphing;
- •3) Emotional appeal is achieved by the use of words with emotive meaning;
- •4) The use of imagery and other sd;
- •Oratory and speeches
- •The Newspaper fs, its Substyles and their Peculiarities
- •Grammatical peculiarities:
- •Questions in the form of statements. Safe Sin? The more, the better?
- •Formulative
- •Passive Voice constructions
- •3) Logical sequence of utterances is achieved through:
- •[ˌɑːgjə'mentətɪv] дискуссионный
- •Synopsis, pl. Sunopses [sɪ'nɔpsiːz] конспект, краткий обзор; синопсис
- •E.G. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English language
- •The Style of Official Documents and its Substyles
- •The aims of the Style of Official Documents and its Substyles
- •It is characterized by special business terminology:
- •Informal functional styles:
- •Varieties of language
The Publicist Style, its Substyles, and their Peculiarities
a) Oratory and speeches речь, спич
b) The essay очерк, эссе
c) Articles
The Publicist Style treats certain political, social, economic, cultural problems. The general aim of this style is to form public opinion, to convince the reader or the listener that the interpretation given by the writer or the speaker is the only correct one and to cause him to accept the point of view expressed in ther speech, essays or article not merely by logical argumentation but by emotional appeal as well. The publicist style has the features common with the style of the scientific prose and that of emotive prose. Unlike other styles, the publicistic style has spoken varieties, in particular, the oratorical substyle. The development of radio and television has brought into being a new spoken variety, namely, the radio commentary. The other two are the essay (moral, philosophical, literary) and articles (political, social, economic) in newspapers and magazines. Books reviews in journals and magazines and also pamphlets are generally included among essays.
1) Coherent(связный, логически последовательный) and logical syntactical structure, with the expanded system of connectives;(союзное слово)
2) Careful paragraphing;
3) Emotional appeal is achieved by the use of words with emotive meaning;
4) The use of imagery and other sd;
5) It is also characterized by BREVITY (краткость) of expression which becomes epigrammatic in essays.
Substyles: The oratory, essays, journalistic articles, radio and TV commentary.
Oratory.
It makes use of a great number of expressive means to arouse and keep the public’s interest: repetition, gradation, antithesis, rhetorical questions, emotive words, elements of colloquial speech.
Oratory and speeches
Direct address to the audience: Ladies and gentlemen! Dear friends!
The use of the 1st and 2nd personal pronouns: “I have a dream today. I have a dream, that one day down in Alabama –I say to you, my friends, even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream.”
Contractions: We’ve got.
Parallelism, antithesis, climax, repetition (anaphora, epiphora, chain repetition). “It is high time this people had recovered from the passions of the war. It is high time the people of the North and the South understood each other…”
Radio and TV commentary is less impersonal and more expressive and emotional. The journalistic articles are impersonal.
The Essay is a literary composition of moderate length on philosophical, social, aesthetic or literary subjects. It is characterized by personality in the treatment of the theme and naturalness of expression.
The most characteristic language features:
-Brevity of expression, epigrammatic сharacter.
-The use of the 1st person sg.
-The extended use of connectives to facilitate the correlation of ideas.
-The abundant use of emotive words.( эмотивный, экспрессивный, связанный с эмоциями, чувствами; выражающий эмоции; насыщенный эмоциями)
-The use of similes and metaphors.
The essay is very subjective and the most colloquial of all the substyles of the publicist style. It makes use of expressive means and tropes.