8. Match the buildings with their definitions:

cell	a small church in a prison, hospital in which Christians pray
cathedral	building in which Muslims worship Allah
pagoda	a Buddhist temple that has several levels
temple	a very large church which is the main church in a particular area
monastery	a convent for women
minaret	a building used for worship of a god, esp. ancient Greek, Roman, Egyptian, etc.
synagogue	a small room in a convent
chapel	a tall slender spire, connected with a mosque
nunnery	a building or a group of buildings in which monks live
mosque	a building where Jewish people meet for religious meeting

Christianity

Christianity is a major religion, stemming from the life, teachings, and death of Jesus of Nazareth (the Christ) in the 1st century AD. It has become the largest of the world's religions. Geographically the most widely diffused of all faiths. Its largest groups are the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox churches, and the Protestant churches; in addition to these churches there are several independent churches of Eastern Christianity as well as numerous sects throughout the world.

Christianity began as a movement within Judaism. Jesus was a Jew, as were his chief followers, the Apostles. His followers accepted him as the "Christ," or chosen one, sent to fulfill God's promise to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. Believers in the one eternal truth and one universal salvation celebrated the rites instituted by Christ, especially baptism and the Eucharist. Authority passed through the apostle Peter, and the teachings of Jesus were collected and eventually consolidated in a body of writing known as the Gospel.

Wherever Christianity caught on, tension with the community of nonbelievers was inevitable. Pagan practices, especially the worship by Romans, conflicted with monotheism and other worldly concerns and led to persecution of the Christians.

The Reformation continued the late medieval tradition of dissent. Reformers, Martin Luther and the Anglicans were the most conservative in their treatment of medieval theology, piety, and polity; John Calvin, in Geneva, was less conservative; and the Anabaptists were least conservative of all. Despite differences, reformers emphasized the authority of the Bible over church traditions.

Modern Christianity lost prestige and authority, however, despite its rapid growth. The Enlightenment introduced toleration and religious liberty, and many Christians agreed with the modern political program out of concern for the freedom of personal faith.

9. Translate int5o English:

Християнство- це одна з трьох світових релігій, яка має три основні напрямки: католицизм, православ’я, протестантизм. В основі християнства лежить віра в Ісуса Христа як Боголюдини, Спасителя. Залучення віруючих до Божественної благодаті відбувається через участь у таїнствах. Джерелом віровчення християнства є Святий заповіт, головним у якому є Святе писання (Біблія).

Християнство виникло у 1 ст. н.е. серед євреїв Палестини і одразу розповсюдилось серед інших народів Середземномор’я. У 4 ст. воно стало державною релігією Римської імперії, а до 13 ст. вся Європа була християнізована.

На Русі християнство розповсюдилось під впливом Візантії у 10 ст. у 1054 році воно розкололось на православ’я та католицизм. У ході Реформації в 16 ст. з католицизму виділився протестантизм.

Найважливішими таїнствами, які визнані усіма віросповіданнями є хрещення (ініціація, що вводить в християнське життя) та Євхаристія або причащання (частування хліба та вина, які за церковною вірою уособлюють Тіло і Кров Христа).

Православ’я та католицизм визнають ще 5 таїнств, які заперечуються протестантизмом: миропомазання, сповідь, рукопокладення, вінчання та соборування.

Загальна кількість християн у світі перевищує 1 млрд.