Lesson 2. Logistic managerial objects
Тема 2. Об'єкти логістичного управління
Об'єкти дослідження в логістиці. Поняття матеріального потоку та параметри, що його характеризують. Класифікація матеріальних потоків. Інформаційні потоки та їх класифікація. Фінансові потоки та їх класифікація. Потоки послуг. Загальні схеми взаємодії потоків. Логістичні операції та функції з матеріальними, інформаційними, фінансовими та сервісними потоками. Критерії оптимального управління потоками. Інтегровані логістичні потоки. Практичні приклади управління та взаємодії потоків.
Logistic object and subject
Logistical flows and their parameters
General flows interaction scheme
Optimization of logistical operations
1. Logistic object and subject
System approach to economic study.
Logistic as a complex administrative approach within the system: the principles:
1. Movement of material resources being discovered from the initial source till the final consumer, and this is in the form of the single material flow. It is provided that the processes of transportation, loading/unloading, storage and maintaining of materials have been included.
2.Implementation of coordination mechanisms of different organizational-administrative departments, which are engaged in the management of material flow.
Logistic subject (предмет):
All logistic processes, which are related to changes of parameters of allocation, time and forms of material, information and financial flows on the enterprises. Such as (entr-s) : industrial, trade, financial, transport, warehouses, etc (infrastructure).
Considering enterprise’ logistic: as a certain logistical system, then the subject is: integrated system of material, informational and financial flows within the enterprise.
Object of research in logistic: logistical product and logistical services. These are raw and processed materials, equipment, personnel, information, money.
Objects can be:
Material objects: in the form of raw-semi-final products.
Because Information (objects) is considered prior to material objects, along with it and afterwards – its also a logistic object in the form of logistic service. The same is related to financial (objects) flows, as the objects of logistic.
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2. Logistical flows and their parameters
Intro:
The category of logistical flows: material, financial, information and human flows.
The parameters: place, form, time, physical characteristics.
Transformation of logistical flows:
Main processes: processes of movement (transportation), storage, sorting etc), supporting processes of movement (packing, marking), also processes of data transmission and its processing.
Transformation of:
Time and place parameters – eg. logistic processes of storage and transportation
Quantity (physical) parameter – manipulation process of batches (lots) formation
Form and quality – sorting and grading.
Material flow – sum-total of raw and semi-processed materials being received from the suppliers, processed, and by distribution channels are further delivered to consumers.
This is the correlation of all processes of sourcing, processing, storage, transportation and distribution of goods in the sphere of material production, on the industrial enterprises, workshops (цехах) and on the agr. fields.
Every material flow has been characterized by the certain material platform, thus they are called material.
By introducing the concept of material flow it became possible to integrate all the elements of a logistic system into the single mechanism.
Material flows:
External (circulation sphere), and internal (within the enterprise), or in the production sphere.
External flows are called to satisfy material requirements of the production.
How to distinguish the limits of ext. and intern. material flows?
The initial point of an external material flow: warehouse of the production plant (final products), final point – production inventories in the warehouse of the consumer’ enterprise.
The initial point of the internal material flow: storehouse of the production inventories; final point – warehouse of ready products.
Two quantity indicators to evaluate the material flows: physical volume and time interval (tonnes/year, kg/week etc.)
Material flow – the main controlling object in logistic.
Therefore, logistic as a discipline is called to develop models of flows optimization.
Financial flow – is basically directed on the opposite to the financial flow way. They are strongly connected. Therefore, logistical managerial object is combined of “material flow + services + finance”.
Parameters: financial indicators, exchange rates, financial analysis.
Information flow being directed both towards and opposite to the related material flow:
Aggregate of the notifications necessary to manage and control the logistic operations taking place in the logistic systems, between them and in relations with an external environment.
Parameters: reliability, timing, completeness, accuracy, technical possibilities, etc.
Information flow being placed along the material one, and consists of data about the product and its placement. Material flows usually cover some amount of the smaller mat. flows, aggregated in the certain product. Therefore, separate information flows may be dependant on each other.