The london underground
London has had (have) an underground train system since the nineteenth century. The London Underground (1) ……… (start) in 1863, when Victorian engineers and workers (2) ……… (build) the Metropolitan railway. This railway line (3) ……… (go) from Paddington Station to Farringdon Street Station, and steam engines (4) ……… (pull) the coaches. Eleven more lines (5) ……… (open) since then. The world's first underground electric railway (6) ……… (open) in 1890. This line (7) ……… (go) from the City of London to Stockwell in South London. The most modern line is the Jubilee line, which (8) ……… (open) in 1979. Since the London Underground (9) ……… (begin), many other cities, such as New York and Moscow, (10) ……… (build) their own systems.
Present perfect continuous
A Supply the present perfect progressive tense of the verbs in brackets.
I'm tired ...... all day. (dig)
How long ...... here? (you wait)
I ...... here since 6 o'clock. (stand)
How long ...... Chinese? (you learn)
S
he
...... English for five years. (study)You're out of breath ......? (you run)
We ...... here for twelve years. (live)
Your eyes are red. ...... (You/cry)
How long ...... ? (the children/sleep)
What ...... all afternoon? (you/do)
C Put the verbs in brackets in present perfect, present perfect continuous and past simple.
THE AUSTRALIAN SALUTE
Before I (visit)1 visited Australia, an Australian friend in London (tell)2……… me I'd learn 'the Australian salute'. 'What's that?' I (ask)3……. 'You'll find out when you get there,' he (say)4……. I (arrive)5…… in Perth last week. Since then, I (stay)6 ……. at a nice hotel near a beautiful beach. I (never visit)7……… Australia before and I am enjoying my stay. I (swim)8……. every day from the time I (arrive)9……… Yesterday, an Australian friend (suggest)10……… a tour into 'the bush'. I (agree)11 …….. at once. The first thing I (notice)12……… when we (be)13……. in the bush (be)14 …….. the flies. After a while I (remember)15…….. the conversation I had had in London before I (come)16……… here. 'What's the "Australian salute"?' I (ask)17……… suddenly, as I waved my right arm to keep the flies away. 'That's it!' my friend said as he (wave)18 ……… back!
PAST PERFECT
A
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Write sentences about what these people had already done or had never done before. Use the Past Perfect, and already or never. ►Last summer Mary won a gold medal for the third time. She had already won two gold medals before that. ►Last year Ken visited Scotland for the first lime. He had never visited Scotland before that.
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B |
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FUTURE PERFECT
A |
Paul wants to be an artist. He's reading about a famous artist called Winston Plummer. Winston Plummer was a great artist, who had a wonderful career. He won lots of prizes before he was twenty. By the age of twenty-five he had had his own exhibition. He was the subject of a TV documentary by the time he was thirty. By the age of thirty-five he had become world-famous. He made millions of pounds from his pictures before he was forty. Paul is daydreaming about his own future career. What is he thinking? ► I hope I’ll have won lots of prizes before I'm twenty. 1 Perhaps ……………………my own exhibition by the age of twenty-five. 2 I wonder if ......................................................... by the time I'm thirty. 3 Maybe ………………………………………….by the age of thirty-five. 4 I hope ................................................................. by the age of forty. |
B |
How good is your maths? Can you work out the answers? ► It's quarter to six. Melanie is putting something in the oven. It needs to be in the oven for an hour and a half. When will it have cooked? It will have cooked at quarter past seven.
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C |
Complete the live news report. Put in will and the simple, continuous or perfect form of the verb. The Quiz Marathon (►) will begin (begin) in five minutes. (1)……… (it/be) a big test for the World Quiz Champion, Claude Jennings, (2)………. (who/answer) questions from a group of quiz writers. Claude (3)……… (answer) their questions for a very long time. In fact, (4)……… (he/still/give) answers when the rest of us are in bed tonight. Claude hopes that after 24 hours (5)…….. (he/reply) to about seventeen thousand questions. No meal breaks are planned, so (6)……….. (he/not eat) anything. If all goes well, his name (7)……… (be) in the next Guinness Book of Records. Claude has also got a number of sponsors, and by tomorrow (8)……… (he/earn) at least £10,000 for charity. Well, (9)……… (we/return) this afternoon for news of how Claude is getting on. We think that by then (10)……… (he/get) some way past the five thousandth question. |
D |
Put in the simple future, the future continuous or the future perfect simple. FLYING JUNK By the middle of the 21st century we (build) will have built space stations which (circle)2………the earth and (probably circle) 3……… the moon, too. We (establish)4……… bases on planets like Mars. At present, we use radar to 'watch' nearly 8,000 objects in space. In addition, there are at least 30,000 bits of rubbish from the size of marbles to the size of basket balls flying round the earth. These (increase)5……… in number by the year 2050 and (orbit)6……… the earth. All these bits and pieces are watched by NORAD (North American Radar Defence Command). NORAD (have)7……… more and more rubbish to watch as the years go by. Some bits fall back to earth, like the Russian satellite C954, which crashed in the Northern Territories of Canada in 1978. Crashing junk could give us a bad headache. Most of the stuff (slay)8……… up there (we hope)! The sad fact is that we who are alive today (not clear up)9……… our own junk tomorrow. Perhaps we (Just watch)10……… from some other (safe) place as it goes round and round the earth! |