Flags of the Turkic peoples
Flag of Altai Republic
Flag of Azerbaijan
Flag of Bashkortostan
Flag of Chuvashia
Flag of Gagauzia
Flag of Iraqi Turkmen
Flag of Kabardino-Balkaria
Flag of Karachay-Cherkessia
Flag of Karakalpakstan
Flag of Kazakhstan
Flag of Khakassia
Flag of Kyrgyzstan
Flag of Sakha
Flag of Tatarstan
Flag of Turkey
Flag of Turkmenistan
Flag of Tuva
Flag of Uzbekistan
Unofficial Gagauzia flag.
Flag of the Crimean Tatarpeople.
Notes and references
^ "CIA - The World Factbook". Cia.gov. Retrieved 2011-05-16.
^ [1], Milliyet, 22 March 2007. (Turkish)
^ https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tx.html#People CIA World Factbook Turkmenistan
^ CIA World Factbook Afghanistan
^ "Results / General results of the census / National composition of population". All-Ukrainian Census, 2001. December 5 2001. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
^ UNHCR: Census of Afghans in Pakistan
^ a b Turkic people, Encyclopædia Britannica, Online Academic Edition, 2010
^ "Timur", The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2001–05, Columbia University Press.
^ Encyclopaedia Britannica article: Consolidation & expansion of the Indo-Timurids, Online Edition, 2007.
^ Finnish Tatars
^ Turkic people, Encyclopædia Britannica, Online Edition, 2008
^ Foster, John (1939). The Church of the Tang Dynasty. Macmillan. p. 13.
^ Turkic Language family tree entries provide the information on the Turkic-speaking populations and regions.
^ a b Katzner, Kenneth (March 2002). Languages of the World, Third Edition. Routledge, an imprint of Taylor & Francis Books Ltd.. ISBN 978-0415250047.
^ Across Central Asia, a New Bond Grows – Iron Curtain's Fall Has Spawned a Convergence for Descendants of Turkic Nomad Hordes
^ (in Turkish). Milliyet. 2008-06-06. http://www.milliyet.com.tr/default.aspx?aType=SonDakika&Kategori=yasam&ArticleID=873452&Date=07.06.2008&ver=16. Retrieved 2008-06-07.
^ The Turkmen
^ Jean-Paul Roux, "Historie des Turks – Deux mille ans du Pacifique á la Méditerranée". Librairie Arthème Fayard, 2000.
^ Alekseev A.Yu. et al., "Chronology of Eurasian Scythian Antiquities Born by New Archaeological and 14C Data", © 2001 by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona,Radiocarbon, Vol .43, No 2B, 2001, p 1085–1107
^ a b G. Moravcsik, "Byzantinoturcica" II, p. 236–39
^ On Cultural Relationships Between Old Turks and Iran
^ a b Findley (2005), p. 29.
^ Etienne de la Vaissiere, Encyclopaedia Iranica Article:Sogdian Trade, 1 December 2004.
^ a b c d e f Carter V. Findley, The Turks in World History, (Oxford University Press, October 2004) ISBN 0-19-517726-6
^ Silk-Road:Xiongnu
^ Yeni Türkiye
^ The Rise of the Turkic People
^ Early Turkish History
^ "An outline of Turkish History until 1923."
^ Lebedynsky (2006), p. 59.
^ Beckwith (2009), pp. 72–73 and 404–405, nn. 51–52.
^ Keyser-Tracqui C., Crubezy E., Ludes B. Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA analysis of a 2,000-year-old necropolis in the Egyin Gol Valley of Mongolia American Journal of Human Genetics 2003 August; 73(2): 247–260.
^ Nancy Touchette Ancient DNA Tells Tales from the Grave "Skeletons from the most recent graves also contained DNA sequences similar to those in people from present-day Turkey. This supports other studies indicating that Turkic tribes originated at least in part in Mongolia at the end of the Xiongnu period."
^ MA Li-qing On the new evidence on Xiongnu's writings. (Wanfang Data: Digital Periodicals, 2004)
^ Paola Demattè Writing the Landscape: the Petroglyphs of Inner Mongolia and Ningxia Province (China). (Paper presented at the First International Conference of Eurasian Archaeology, University of Chicago, 3–4 May 2002.)
^ N. Ishjatms, "Nomads In Eastern Central Asia", in the "History of civilizations of Central Asia", Volume 2, Fig 6, p. 166, UNESCO Publishing, 1996, ISBN 92-3-102846-4
^ Chinese History – The Xiongnu
^ G. Pulleyblank, "The Consonantal System of Old Chinese: Part II", Asia Major n.s. 9 (1963) 206–65
^ The Origins of the Huns
^ Otto J. Maenchen-Helfen. The World of the Huns: Studies in Their History and Culture. University of California Press, 1973
^ Otto Maenchen-Helfen, Language of Huns
^ Josh Burk, "The Middle East and Its Origins" p.45"
^ Johnson, Mark "Turkic roots its origins" p.43
^ Moses Parkson, "Ottoman Empire and its past life" p.98
^ The Pechenegs, Steven Lowe and Dmitriy V. Ryaboy
^ a b Encyclopædia Britannica Article:Mughal Dynasty
^ Encyclopædia Britannica Article:Babur
^ the Mughal dynasty
^ When the Moguls Ruled India...
^ Babur: Encyclopædia Britannica Article
^ Vasiliev D.D. Graphical fund of Turkic runiform writing monuments in Asian areal, М., 1983, p. 44
^ a b Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (ed.) (2005). "Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Fifteenth edition. Language Family Trees – Altaic". Retrieved 2007-03-18.
^ Georg, S., Michalove, P.A., Manaster Ramer, A., Sidwell, P.J.: "Telling general linguists about Altaic",Journal of Linguistics 35 (1999): 65–98 Online abstract and link to free pdf
^ Turkic peoples, Encyclopædia Britannica, Online Academic Edition, 2008
^ Language Family Trees: Altaic
^ Altaic Language Family Tree Ethnologue report for Altaic.
^ Ethnographic maps
^ A.M. Khazanov, After the USSR: Ethnicity, Nationalism, and Politics in the Commonwealth of Independent States., pp.184–89, 1995, University of Wisconsin Press
Golden, Peter B. "Some Thoughts on the Origins of the Turks and the Shaping of the Turkic Peoples". (2006) In: Contact and Exchange in the Ancient World. Ed. Victor H. Mair. University of Hawai'i Press. Pp. 136–157. ISBN 978-0-8248-2884-4; ISBN 0-8248-2884-4
Further reading and references