МІНІСТЕРСТВО ОСВІТИ І НАУКИ, МОЛОДІ ТА СПОРТУ УКРАЇНИ
НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ ПЕДАГОГІЧНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ
імені М.П.ДРАГОМАНОВА
Кафедра іноземних мов
Р Е Ф Е Р А Т
для складання вступного іспиту до магістратури
зі спеціальності 8.040301 «Політологія»
Тема: «Теорії походження держави»
Виконала
Оборнєва Яна Сергіївна
Київ – 2011
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, SCIENCE, YOUTH AND SPORTS OF UKRAINE
NATIONAL DRAGOMANOV PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Chair of foreign languages
R E P O R T
Topic: «A theory of the origin of the state»
Performed by
Obornyeva Yana Serhiyivna
Kyiv - 2011
Context
Introduction………………………………………………………………….3
1. Patriarchal, psychological and the theory of violence…………………..4
2. Theological theory………………………………………………………..5
3. The theory of social contract…………………………………………….5
4. Historical-materialist theory and organic theory………………………..6
Conclusions………………………………………………………………….8
Bibliography………………………………………………………………..9
Introduction
Topic: «A theory of the origin of the state».
The Aim of work is to describe the most popular theories of the origin of the state.
The aim of work envisages the fulfillment of the following tasks:
To analyze and learn the theoretical material on the topic.
To describe the theories of the state origin.
To make the conclusion about the theories of the state origin.
For the first 2 million years of his existence, man lived in bands or villages which, as far as we can tell, were completely autonomous. Not until perhaps 5000 B.C. did villages begin to aggregate into larger political units. But, once this process of aggregation began, it continued at a progressively faster pace and led, around 4000 B.C., to the formation of the first state in history.
Theory of the origin of the state - theory to explain the meaning and nature of changes, conditions and causes of the state origin.
Explicit theories of the origin of the state are relatively modern. Classical writers like Aristotle, unfamiliar with other forms of political organization, tended to think of the state as “natural,” and therefore as not requiring an explanation. However, the age of exploration, by making Europeans aware that many peoples throughout the world lived, not in states, but in independent villages or tribes, made the state seem less natural, and thus more in need of explanation. [5, p.5]
In political science there is a large variety of ideas concerning an origin and social setting of the state. Disintegration of the tribal mode, gradual isolation, from society of layer of leaders and them near and concentration for them of administrative functions, facilities of power and special privileges under act of row of factors and results in the origin of the state.
State occurred at a certain stage of human development. Political, legal literature presents various theories of origin of the state. That’s why the aim of my research is to determine the most popular theories of state origin.
1. Patriarchal, psychological and the theory of violence
Patriarchal theory. The essence of the theory was that the state arises from the patriarchal family as a result of its growth: family → set of families (urban) → set of villages (the state). Head patriarchal family (the patriarch) becomes head of state - the monarch. Thus, its power is continuation of the father’s power, himself the monarch is the father to all his subjects.
All this can be explained when looking at the views of the founder of the theory (Aristotle, Confucius, R. Filmera and M. Pokrovsky).
In a small space in the Greek city-policies, union families, in my opinion, was really the determinative of the state, because family is the earliest of the now existing forms of organizations of people sharing and cooperative work.
Psychological theory. Among the most prominent representatives of the psychological theory of the state are L. Petrazhytskiy, G. Tard, Freud and others. They attributed the emergence of states with special properties of the human psyche: the need for certain people to rule over others, the desire of some to obey, follow, and others - to conquer, as an example.
The reasons for the origin of state was in those abilities that primitive man attributed to tribal leaders, priests, shamans, sorcerers and so on. Their magic power and mental energy (they did a good hunt, fight disease) resulted in the dependence of consciousness of the original members of society from the elite. The power that was inherent in this elite begins to occur the government of the state.
Psychological theory, therefore, believed that the state is required to satisfy the needs of most of the people be obedient to certain individuals in society and also to suppress the aggressive attitudes of individuals.
The theory of violence. Its supporters were Kautsky, E. Dyurynh, L. Humplovych and others. The cause of the state they saw in the military-political factors - violence, conquering some other tribes, managing the conquered peoples territories, what requires a special apparatus of compulsion. It becomes the state.
Thus, proponents of the theory of violence claimed that primitive tribes, wich won, turned into the dominant part of society, formed a state and used the state power for abuse of conquered peoples.