11. Read and translate the text laboratory

All the laboratories of inorganic chemistry are almost alike. These are large rooms where both students and research- workers carry out their experimental work. Modern laboratories of inorganic as well as organic and analytical chemistry are provided with gas and running water. Every laboratory is to be provided with a ventilating hood for the escape of both harmful and unpleasant vapours and odours. Every laboratory has to be lit up very well.

There are many laboratory benches with a great number of drawers in every laboratory. Different apparatus devices as well as materials are to be kept in them. Besides we can see many shelves and cases for containers with chemicals.

On every laboratory bench one can see test-tubes, flasks, beakers, funnels, evaporating, dishes, weighing bottles. All this glassware should be kept in good order.

Various burners serve for producing flames. Bunsen burner is to be mentioned among them. Different crucibles are to be employed when heating of solution and igniting of materials are to be employed when heating of solution and igniting of materials are to be carried out. Crucibles are usually made of quartz, porcelain and iron. In addition to these crucibles, there are platinum crucibles in some laboratories, but they are used very seldom.

Every laboratory should be equipped with different kinds of apparatus. Everything in the laboratory is to have its definite place.

Notes to the text:

to be alike smth. – быть подобным ч-л.

a great number of – много, большое количество

besides – кроме, помимо

in good order – в хорошем состоянии, в хорошем порядке

in addition to – кроме, помимо, в дополнение к

in oder to – для того, чтобы, затем чтобы

12. Find the pairs of synonyms in the list and remember them:

alike, nearly, different, similar, almost, various, employ, obtain, use, get.

13. Find the pairs of antonyms in the list and remember them:

large, inorganic, cool, small, organic, harmful, pleasant, often, useful, unpleasant seldom, warm, heavy, tasteful, indefinite, light, tasteless, definite.

14. Fill the blanks with the words given below:

glassware, reaction, drawers, as well as, crucibles, chemicals, to pour, burners.

1. In the laboratory the students carry out experiments…research work. 2. On the laboratory benches we can see much… . 3. A laboratory bench has a number of… . 4. ... are used for heating solutions. 5. Containers are used for keeping … . 6. When we obtain hydrogen chloride we … some sulphuric acid in a flask. 7. Nitric acid may be obtained by the … of concentrated sulphuric acid with sodium nitrate. 8. … are used for igniting materials.

15. Find the answers to the questions in the opposite :

1. What is desiccator used for?	a. for the measurement of quantities of liquids
2. What is burner used for?	b. for igniting materials
3. What is evaporating dish made of?	c. for heating substances
4. What is the beaker used for?	d. from glass or porcelain
5. What are crucibles used for?	e. for protecting material from the air, while the material is being weighed/ for drying materials
6. What is a water-bath used for?	f. for slow heating or evaporating the materials