1. Завдання для індивідуального заняття:

Індивідуальне читання за фахом.

Environmental Protection

Topical Vocabulary

- environment	оточуюче середовище
- environmental protection	захист оточуючого середовища
- an unlimited source of resources	невичерпне джерело ресурсів
- timber	ліс
- waste products - pollution	відходи забруднення оточуючого середовища
- to damage the resources - to cause acid rain - to lead to damage	наносити шкоду ресурсам викликати кислотний дощ привести до пошкоджень користання земель
- abuse of arable lands	неправильне використання земель
- wildlife	дика природа
- species of animals and plants	види тварин і рослин
- the effect of the Chernobyl disaster	наслідки Чорнобильської катастрофи
- to be under threat	бути під загрозою |
- to get contaminated	бути отруєним
-to destroy the ozone layer -to protect the water, the air and the earth from pollution	руйнувати озоновий шар захищати воду, повітря і землю від забруднення
- to pump waste gases	викидати відпрацьовані гази
- water shortage	нестача води

Environmental Protection

Economists have long thought of the environment as an unlimited source of resources. They have thought that the atmosphere, forests, rivers and seas are capable of absorbing all the rubbish the economy throws into them. In fact, the economy and the environment are closely related. The environment supplies the economy with all its resources, such as water, timber, minerals and oil. The environment has to absorb all its waste products.

Nevertheless, some economists have always argued that pollution damages the resources. For example, pumping waste gases from a power station does not get rid of them. The waste gases cause acid rain; this leads to forest damage and therefore reduces the resources of forestry industry.

There are many consequences of damaging the environment. One of them is acid rain. Another is water shortage resulting from abuse of arable lands in agriculture. The third one is destroying the ozone layer of the Earth through pollution from factories and plants. The fourth problem is damage to water and soils. The fifth one is damage to wildlife: numerous species of animals and plants can disappear. Lastly, the most serious danger arising from damaging the environment is the result of the above-mentioned consequences. This is the danger for the life and health of the man.

The territories of the CIC are suffering many environmental problems. Many of these problems have been caused by economic activities. Apart from the effect of the Chernobyl disaster, the worst problem is probably in the area around the Aral Sea. Cotton growing in the region has used huge quantities of water, and the sea's level has fallen by 14 yards. This destroyed fishing industry and led to damage in soils, crops and wildlife.

If we are unable to learn how to use the environment carefully and protect it from damage caused by man's activities, very soon we'll have no world to live in.

1. Answer the following questions.

1. What have many economists thought of environment?

2. Why do some economists think that pollution damages the resources?

3. What are the consequences of damaging the environment?

4. What environmental problems do the territories of the CIC suffer? 5. What could happen if we don't learn to use the environment carefully?

2. Agree or disagree with the following statements.

1. Economists have never thought of the environment as an unlimited source of resources.

2. The environment doesn't supply the economy with its resources, such as water, timber, minerals and oil.

3. Some economists have always argued that pollution damages the resources.

4. The waste gases don't cause acid rain.

5. There are many consequences of damaging the environment.

3. Translate into English.

2. Навколишнє середовище - це невичерпне джерело ресурсів.

3. Навколишнє середовище забезпечує економіку ресурсами.

4. Забруднення навколишнього середовища викликає кислотний дощ.

5. Викиди відходів у повітря порушують озоновий шар Землі.

6. Ми повинні навчитися бережливо використовувати навколишнє середовище.

7. Надмірне використання земель призводить до нестачі водних ресурсів.

Список літератури:

1. Барановська Т.В. Граматика англійської мови. Збірник вправ: Навч. посібник. Видання друге, виправлене та доповнене – Мова англ., укр. – Київ: ТОВ “ВП Логос-М», 2007. – 384с.

2. Л.В. Мисик, А.Л. Арцишевська, Л.Р. Кузнєцова, Л.Л. Поплавська. Англійська мова. Комунікативний аспект. / За ред. доц. Мисик Л.В. – Підручник. – К.: Атіка, 2000. – 368с.

Словник-мінімум

alkali щолок

food їжа

supply запас

vaccines вакцина

penicillin пеніцилін

sulfa сульфамід

category категорія

cathode катод

cause причина

caustic soda їдкий натрій

caution передбачливість

cavity порожнина

cell клітина

central nervous system центральна нервова система

chain reaction ланцюгова реакція

competence здібність, вміння

chromosomes хромосоми

proteins протеїни

gene ген

genetic code генетичний код

chemical reaction/ element хімічна реакція/елемент

oxidation окислення

the secrets of living thing секрети живих організмів

the causes of the diseases причини захворювань

great value велика цінність

methods of prevention and cure методи профілактики та лікування

to keep healthy зберігати здоров’я

a great contribution to science великий вклад в науку

a powerful microscope потужний мікроскоп

environment оточуюче середовище

environmental protection захист оточуючого середовища

an unlimited source of resources невичерпне джерело ресурсів

timber ліс

waste products відходи

pollution забруднення оточуючого середовища

to damage the resources наносити шкоду ресурсам

to cause acid rain викликати кислотний дощ

to lead to damage привести до пошкоджень

abuse of arable lands неправильне використання земель

wildlife дика природа

species of animals and plants види тварин і рослин

the effect of the Chernobyl disaster наслідкиЧорнобильської катастрофи

to be under threat бути під загрозою

to get contaminated бути отруєним

to destroy the ozone layer руйнувати озоновий шар

to protect the water, the air and the earth from pollution

захищати воду, повітря і землю від забруднення

to pump waste gases викидати відпрацьовані гази

water shortage нестача води

Модуль 2 «Студент та його оточення»

Практичне заняття № 1

Тема: Переваги Болонського процесу в Україні.

План роботи

1. Робота над текстом. Дискусія по темі практичного заняття.

Bologna process

The purpose of the Bologna process (or Bologna accords) is to create the European higher education area by making academic degree standards and quality assurance standards more comparable and compatible throughout Europe. It is named after the place it was proposed, the University of Bologna with the signing, in 1999, of the Bologna declaration by ministers of education from 29 European countries in the Italian city of Bologna. This was opened up to other countries signatory to the European Cultural Convention of the Council of Europe, and further governmental meetings have been held in Prague (2001), Berlin (2003), Bergen (2005) and London in spring 2007.

Framework

The basic framework adopted is of three cycles of higher education qualification. As outlined in the Bergen Declaration of 2005, the cycles are defined in terms of qualifications and ECTS credits:

1st cycle: typically 180-240 ECTS credits, usually awarding a Bachelor's degree.

2nd cycle: typically 90-120 ECTS credits (a minimum of 60 on 2nd-cycle level), usually awarding a Master's degree.

3rd cycle: Doctoral degree. No ECTS range given.

In most cases, these will take 3, 2, and 3 years respectively to complete. The actual naming of the degrees may vary from country to country.

Goals

With the Bologna process implementation, higher education systems in European countries should be organized in such a way that:

- it is easy to move from one country to the other (within the European Higher Education Area) - for the purpose of further study or employment;

- the attractiveness of European higher education is increased so many people from non-European countries also come to study and/or work in Europe;

- the European Higher Education Area provides Europe with a broad, high quality and advanced knowledge base, and ensures the further development of Europe as a stable, peaceful and tolerant community benefiting from a cutting edge European Research Area;

- there will also be a greater convergence between the U.S. and Europe as European higher education adopts aspects of the American system.

2. Виконання після текстових вправ

Task l. Write a thesis plan of this text’

Task 2. Answer the questions: 1.What is the Bologna process? 2. Name 3 cycles of the Bologna process. 3. What are their frameworks? 4. In what way the educational process will be organizes?

3. Робота з граматичним матеріалом : Прикметник. Прислівник. Ступені порівняння.

Ex. 1. Complete these sentences using the correct form of the adjectives given in brackets. Write the number of the sentence and the correct form of the adjective.

1. What is the (large) city in your country? 2. What was the (happy) day in your life? 3. What is the (bad) habit that you have? 4. Who is the (good) student in your group? 5. What is the (expensive) thing that you have ever bought?

Ex. 2. Complete these sentences using the correct form of the adjectives given in brackets. Write the number of the sentence and the correct form of the adjective.

1. My brother is much ... than myself (young). 2. The opera theatre is one of ... buildings in the city (beautiful). 3. The sound grew ... and ... (faint). 4. The party was not so ... as I had expected (gay). 5. I have no one ... than you (near). 6. What is the ... news? (late) 7. Yesterday I came home ... than usual (late).

4. Робота над текстом за професійним спрямуванням: текст “ ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN UKRAINE ”.

The protection of nature has become one of the most actual problems of the 20 century. The Earth provides people with mineral resources, rivers, forests, fields — everything that makes the foundation of industrial and agricultural production. The development of industry had a bad influence on the nature of the whole world. People often do the things which pollute lands and waters greatly. It is very dangerous because it hurts the health of the people and provokes different diseases. High rates of occupational diseases are documented mostly among the coal miners. Many heavy-metal and chemical-exposure-related incidents and ill­nesses have been reported in industrialized areas, mainly in Donetsk, Zaporizhzhia, Lugansk.

The intensive development of industry results in air pollution. High concentrations of pollutants in ambient air, including dust oxides of nitrogen are documented in considerably higher concentrations than in previous years. Metallurgical plants in a number of cities account for most of their total air pollutants. The appearance of supersonic jet airliners has presented many problems too. These airliners use up tons of oxygen and throw out over 150,000 tons of water vapour into stratosphere every day.

The living resources of the sea are also coming to an end. We have failed to protect our seas and lakes which are dying because of reducing their raw materials. It is very important to ensure pure air, oceans and seas by improving technological processes, the quality of raw materials and fuel, to do everything possible to protect people and nature from radioactive and air pollution. The only way to overcome a catastrophe is to put the air, oceans, great seas and lakes under greater international control, perhaps under that of the United Nations.

The accident at the Chornobyl nuclear power plant in April 1986 caused radioactive contamination of a vast area around the plant. We have to undertake drastic measures to neutralize the perilous effect of radiation on the environment. That's why environmental protection is a great concern of the Ukrainian Govern­ment. The Ministry of Environmental Protection was founded in Ukraine. Their tasks are to control the state of environment and sources of pollution, to protect the water resources of Ukraine, to extend the network of nature reserves and to maintain co-operation with international ecology organizations. Campaign for environmental protection is supported by public organizations and individuals. The Ukrainian Green Party is very active today. Zeleny Svit is the Ukrainian ecological newspaper. It calls on protection of the natural wealth and on using it in a more careful and economical manner for the benefit of the present and future generations.

Translate from Ukrainian into English:

1. Захистом навколишнього середовища піклується Український Уряд. 2. Необхідно захищати моря та озера, які помирають від забруднення. 3. Кампанії, які займаються захистом навколишнього середовища, підтримуються суспільними організаціями та деякими окремими людьми. 4. Українська екологічна газета «Зелений Світ» наголошує на необхідності захисту природного багатства нашої країни. 5. Єдиний засіб попередження катастрофи – це тримати повітря, океани та землю під постійним контролем. 6. В Україні було засноване Міністерство із Захисту Навколишнього Середовища. 7. Розвиток промисловості має поганий влив на природу всього світу.

Список літератури:

1. Барановська Т.В. Граматика англійської мови. Збірник вправ: Навч. посібник. Видання друге, виправлене та доповнене – Мова англ., укр. – Київ: ТОВ “ВП Логос-М», 2007. – 384с.

2. Л.В. Мисик, А.Л. Арцишевська, Л.Р. Кузнєцова, Л.Л. Поплавська. Англійська мова. Комунікативний аспект. / За ред. доц. Мисик Л.В. – Підручник. – К.: Атіка, 2000. – 368с.

Практичне заняття № 2

Тема: Я – студент Інституту психології, історії та соціології.

План роботи

1. Робота над текстом. Розповідь про факультет (інститут), в якому навчається студент.

I am a student of the Institute of Psychology, Sociology and History. Our institute is one of the largest institutes in the University. We study different subjects: Psychology, Sociology Physiology, Mathematics and many others. Besides these subjects we study Ukrainian, Philosophy and English. We study English to be able to read scientific books on Psychology.

There are many departments in our faculty: of psychology, of sociology, of history etc. Besides them there are research laboratories and museums. Every student has an opportunity to work in modern, well-equipped labora­tories, where different problems of Psychology are under in­vestigation.

Students are acquainted with all branches of Psychology. They are lectured in various subjects of this science.

During the first two years we attend lectures on ma­thematics, political subjects and foreign languages. In the third year more narrow specialization begins. We have several specialized courses and addi­tional practical and research work in the subject they have chosen as their future specialty. Besides attending lectures we may join some scientific circle and choose a problem to work on according to our bents. All of us know that Psychology is the science of glorious past and great future. We do our best to acquire as much knowledge as possible.

Graduates of our institute are assigned to work at laboratories, schools, research institutes. Those who have a bent for research work may apply for a post-graduate course of study.

3. Робота над граматичним матеріалом: Числівники. Кількісні та порядкові числівники.