2. Political trends and parties

I. Socialist and social- democratic.

In 1914 4,2 mln workers were members of socialist or social- democratic parties. They represented also the interests of intellectuals, farmers, middle class. Social- democratic trend was alternative to capitalism. Revolutionary socialist or social- democratic parties existed in Italy, Serbia, Bulgaria, GB, Holland. ***Programme of social- democrats:

II.. Social- reformism ( democratic socialism)

With the development of the middle class and after constitutional reforms, many socialist and social-democratic parties refused from revolutionary ideas and called for parliamentary methods of reforms. They became members of parliaments in 24 countries.

Social- reformism was spread in Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Switzerland, Belgium, France, USA and other countries.

It was ideology of German Social- Democratic Party ( E. Bernstein).Left social- democrats called his programme “Revisionism”

****

*Centrism ( K. Kautsky)

**Anarchism –

3. Workers’ movement and political trends in Russia at the end of the XIX- beginning of the XX c.

First strikes in the 70-80-s had economic demands but at the beginning of the XX c. political demands were added.

Revolutionary movement had 2 trends: Narodniks and Marxists

Narodniks believed that Russia hag its own way of development

( non- European). Socialism could be based on traditions of Russian communes. Their idea was to avoid capitalist way of development. Their main method- propaganda of socialism among peasants. Later- terror.

Marxist organizations

*“ Liberation of Labour” ( G. Plekhanov)

**In 1898 Russian Social- Democratic Party of Workers ( ) was formed.

Its programme:

-

-

-

-

2.Questions for test

1. Causes of workers’ movement at the beginning of the XX century

2. Organizations of trade- unions at the beginning of the XX c.

3. Main trends in socialist and social- democratic movements at the beginning of the XX century

4. Main ideas of Narodnikies

5. Programme of the Russian Social- Democratic Party of Workers ( at the beginning)

By 1917 Russia was:

A) industrial country

B) agrarian country

C) agrarian- industrial country

D) colony

The first political party in Russia at the beginning of the XX century was:

A) Russian Social- Democratic Workers’ Party

B) Liberal Party

C) Conservative Party

D) Labour Party

In 1917 in Russia there were:

A) one revolution

B) three revolutions

C) no revolutions

D) two revolutions:

3. Glossary

Fatality rate- уровень смертности-

Earn- зарабатывать

Trade- union- профсоюзы – кәсіподақ

Commune- община- қауым

Reference

История стран Европы и Америки , т. 1, стр. 18-30

American History, p. 208-211

3. The First World War

1. Brief content of the lecture