Вариант 6
I. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Помните, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты чаще всего соответствуют придаточным предложениям (см. образец выполнения 1).
1. He was made to tell them the truth.
2. The development of science and technology is known to be the most important source of the steady growth of the people's well-being.
3. A lot of people came to watch the ocean liner return home after a long voyage.
II. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод зависимого и независимого (самостоятельного) причастных оборотов (см. образец выполнения 2).
1. The professor of our Institute made the report concerning the latest achievements in economics.
2. The new equipment having been installed, the plant could raise its output.
3. The city authorities started to build new highways, many existing streets and roads having been reconstructed.
III. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие сложные предложения. Обратите внимание на то, как переводятся условные предложения (см. образец 3).
1. The experiments show agreement with the theory provided all the conditions are met.
2. Had computers not been worked out, many important problems might not have been solved.
3. If the scientists found the ways to predict earthquakes, it would be possible to evacuate people from the regions and thus save many human lives.
IV. Прочитайте и устно переведите с 1-го по 4-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 3 и 4-й абзацы.
Пояснения к тексту
1. shroud – окутывать
2. invaluable aid – бесценная помощь
3. purchase – покупать
GUNPOWDER ORIGIN
1. The origin of gunpowder is shrouded1 in mystery. Though credited to various nations, actually no one knows by whom or when it was invented. It is certain, though, that the Sultan of Morocco used gunpowder to fire cannon in 1273.
2. Since gunpowder was first used, the manufacture of explosives has advanced considerably. Prior to 1866, however, there was no really powerful explosive that could be relied upon. In that year, Alfred Nobel, a Swedish engineer, invented dynamite, one of the most terrible explosives ever known to man. It could not only be handed with comparative safety, but its explosive force was much more destructive than anything yet known.
3. Dynamite proved to be useful in many ways. Farmers, engineers, miners and others found it invaluable aid2 in their work. Nevertheless, this market was small when compared with that of the different governments’ orders. They purchased3 dynamite in huge quantities for military purposes. As a means of destruction it had no equal.
4. Nobel made a great fortune from his invention though he wanted his invention to be used in peaceful purposes. When he died he left most of that fortune to form the Nobel Fund. According to Alfred Nobel’s will the interest of the capital is annually awarded as prizes to the persons who had made the greatest work in the fields of physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, philosophy, and to those who had greatly advanced the cause of peace between nations. It was probably because that Nobel considered his invention to have proved a curse rather than a blessing to mankind, and wished to prevent it.
V. Прочитайте 1-й и 2-ой абзацы текста и ответьте письменно на следующий вопрос:
Who invented gunpowder?