Вариант 10
I. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Помните, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты чаще всего соответствуют придаточным предложениям (см. образец выполнения 1).
1. The symposium to be held in Moscow Academy of Economics deals with such matters as planning, price formation and financing.
2. The president of the company is sure to come to the meeting.
3. A lot of people came to watch the ocean liner return home after a long voyage.
II. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод зависимого и независимого (самостоятельного) причастных оборотов (см. образец выполнения 2).
1. The temperature being raised, the kinetic energy is increasing.
2. Having looked through all the documents and letters received that day he called his secretary.
3. The sun having risen, they continued their way.
III. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие сложные предложения. Обратите внимание на то, как переводятся условные предложения (см. образец выполнения 3).
1. The director won’t receive you unless you phone him at least two days in advance.
2. If the driver had been more careful, the accident wouldn’t have happened.
3. It would be impossible to solve many problems without using computers.
IV. Прочитайте и устно переведите с 1-го по 3-й абзацы текста, затем перепишите их и письменно переведите.
Пояснения к тексту
constituent – составляющий компонент
toughness – жесткость, прочность
COMPOSIT CERAMICS
Composite materials are materials in which two or more different substances, such as metals, ceramics, glass, or polymers are combined without chemical reaction. As a result one can produce a material with properties different from those of any of the individual constituents2. The constituents of a composite would retain their individual characteristics.
Recently engineers have developed various kinds of composite ceramics which appeared to combine an increased toughness3 with the same hardness and strength of usual ceramics. A promising recent development is the addition of a tiny quantity of metal to increase toughness and tool life. Thus, the composite ceramics for cutting tools should possess the following properties both at room and high temperatures (1000°C): high strength, high toughness, high hardness, high thermal resistance and high chemical inertness.
Advanced ceramic materials have such properties that mechanical engineers are becoming more and more interested in their use as structural parts. Ceramic engines and turbines are considered to be the top of the pyramid with respect to application. At a lower level of performance there are other applications, for example, ceramic heat exchangers for chemical plants. One should mention here that the long-term reliability in service still needs improving and the cost factor is likely to remain a problem. If these problems are solved, it will be possible to use advanced composite materials widely.
V. Прочитайте 3-й абзац текста и ответьте письменно на следующий вопрос:
What are the main problems in making ceramics a universal industrial material?