Контрольная работа

4-й курс, дистанционная форма обучения (ОМИ)

Специальность: ОПУТ

Дисциплина: Базовый профессиональный английский язык

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Logistics

Logistics is the management of the flow of goods and services between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet the requirements of customers. Logistics involves the integration of information, transportation, inventory, warehousing, material handling, and packaging, and often security. In business, logistics may have either internal focus (inbound logistics), or external focus (outbound logistics) covering the flow and storage of materials from point of origin to point of consumption. The main functions of a qualified logistician include inventory management, purchasing, transportation, warehousing, consultation and the organizing and planning of these activities. Logisticians combine a professional knowledge of each of these functions to coordinate resources in an organization.

Logistics management

Logistics is that part of the supply chain which plans, implements and controls the efficient, effective forward and reverse flow and storage of goods, services and related information between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet customer and legal requirements. A professional working in the field of logistics management is called a logistician.

Supply chain management spans all movement and storage of raw materials, work-in-process inventory, and finished goods from point of origin to point of consumption (supply chain).

Transport, or transportation, is moving people or things from one place to another place. Transport can be divided into infrastructure, vehicles and operations.

Infrastructure includes roads, railways, airways, canals and pipelines. The infrastructure is the network where things are carried. Infrastructure also includes airports, railway stations, bus stations and seaports (docks).

Vehicles or vessels travel on the infrastructure. Vehicles include cars, trucks, trains and airplanes. Vessels include boats, ferries, and barges which travel on canals and use docks and seaports. Trains use train stations, airplanes use airports. Trains use railway lines (train tracks), airplanes use flight paths.

Operations control the system. Operations include traffic signals, railway signals and air traffic control. Operations also include the government policies and regulations (a set or group of laws and rules) used to control the system, such as tolls, fuel taxes, and traffic laws.

Kinds of transportation

There are three main kinds of transportation. They are:

1. land transportation using trucks on roads or trains on railways

2. water transportation using barges in canals or boats in the sea

3. air transportation using airplanes and airports

Ship transport is watercraft carrying people (passengers) or goods (cargo). Ship transport can be over any distance by boat, ship, sailboat or barge, over oceans and lakes, through canals or along rivers. Shipping may be for commerce, recreation or the military.

Shipping is the act or business of transporting goods. Shipping can be a physical process of transporting goods and cargo, by land, air, and sea. It also can describe the movement of objects by ship. It refers to the delivery of cargo and parcels of any size.

A shipper is someone who prepares goods for shipment, by packaging, labeling, and arranging for transit, or who coordinates the transport of goods.

Consignee - The party to whom delivery of the goods is to be made under a contract for the carriage of goods by water.

Carrier - A party who contracts to carry goods or passengers by water (the "contracting carrier"), or the party who actually performs such carriage in whole or part.

Cargo (or freight) is goods or products transported, generally for commercial gain, by ship, aircraft, train, van or truck. "General cargo" is goods packaged in boxes, cases, pallets, and barrels, containers.

Pilotage is the use of fixed visual references on the ground or sea by means of sight or radar to guide oneself to a destination, sometimes with the help of a map or nautical chart. When visual references are not available, it is necessary to use such methods of navigation as dead reckoning (typically with a compass), radio navigation, and satellite navigation (such as GPS).

A collision is an isolated event in which two or more bodies (colliding bodies) exert relatively strong forces on each other for a relatively short time. It is "any accident involving two or more vessels which causes loss or damage even if no actual contact has taken place" Contact between a vessel and an object(not another vessel) is an "allision"