Grammar exercises

Exercise 1. Transfer the sentences from Active into Passive.

Model : The manager examines organizational structure of the firm. Organizational structure of the firm is examined by the manager.

1. Vice-president gives orders to his employees.

2. I receive orders from the sales manager.

3. My friend holds a position of general manager.

4. Personnel office receives resumes from prospective candidates.

5. Staff departments do different service to line departments.

Model : My friend is examining the organizational chart.

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The organizational chart is being examined by my friend.

1. I am sending my annual report to my immediate superior.

2. The foreman is firing his immediate subordinate.

3. Controller is giving the orders to his employees.

4. We are changing the organizational structure of our company.

5. The board of directors is enlarging the staff of the company.

Model : I have invested my money in real estate. My money has been invested in real estate.

1. We have considered advantages and disadvantages of partnership.

2. I have bought the shares of IBM company.

3. This business has involved big financial resources.

4. We have elected the board of directors.

5. The board of directors have chosen the company officers.

Exercise 2. Supply the correct prepositions where necessary.

1. I’m sorry to say we not satisfied … the quality of your goods.

2. Model A is … great demand … the world market.

3. We look forward … establishing business relations with your company.

4. Your prices are not acceptable … us. We find them too high.

5. … what price do you sell your machines? We quote $ 1,000 … unit.

6. You are to open a Letter … Credit … Ukrainian Bank … Foreign Trade after you receive our Notification … Readiness.

Exercise 3. Supply the correct tense-forms of the verbs.

1. Last month we (to place) a trial order with Brown and Co whom we (not to do) business before.

2. In June we (to be going) to make a transaction with Bell and Co. We (not to have) any business relations with them before.

3. “Why you (can, not to go) to the theatre with me now?” “Well, you see, I (not finish) my work yet.”

4. “Why you ( not to go) to the manufacturing plan yesterday afternoon?” “I (can, not to go) these because we ( not to complete) the talks by that time.”

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Exercise 4. Supply modal verbs or their equivalents in the correct tense-forms.

1. We … to go to the plant with Mr Brown this Monday, but he hasn’t arrived in Kyiv yet. We …to go to the plant next week.

2. There is no stop near this building, you … to get off at the next stop.

3. These things are not duty-free. You … to pay for them.

4. If you don’t leave now, you … not to come to the concert on time.

5. When … the Sellers to deliver the goods?

6. We … the Sellers to deliver the goods?

7. As the Buyer … not provide shipping facilities the Seller … to deliver the goods on these terms.

Product development and planning (розвиток виробництва і планування) Text

The number of new products coming into the market of western countries every year is overwhelming. A lot of these products are not new, but adaptations. It means that these products are not new, they are existing items to which a modification has been made. Only few products are really original or innovations. For instance, a clock-television is an adaptation, but TV-set itself, the refrigerator – each was an innovation. A great number of innovations and adaptations are designed, produced and marketed by small businesses. Very often a new product is formed on the basis of new business. Sometimes there is a patent to make the business more successful. But it happens very often that market research hasn’t been done carefully .Even in case larger scale producers do more research and testing there is no sure success. A promising new product may be also robbed of success by unreasonable prices, inadequate promotion and poor selling methods. Generally, less than one fifth of all new products turn out to be profitable.

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