30. The work of barristers

1. There are currently around 9,000 barristers in practice in England and Wales. Some barristers are employed in practice and may only represent their employer, for example as in-house counsel or in government departments like the Crown Prosecution Service.

2. Many of them work independently in self-employed practice in groups called chambers or sets and practise at the Bar as a barrister. Chambers are traditionally located in the four Inns of Court in London - Gray's Inn, Lincoln's Inn, Middle Temple, and Inner Temple - and are also located in the UK regions, known as circuits.

3. The Inns are principally non-academic societies which provide collegiate and educational resources for barristers and trainees.

4. Members of chambers, known as tenants, share common expenses and support services, which are administered by an administrative manager known as the Clerk, along with ancillary staff such as secretaries.

5. A barrister's main work is to provide representation in the courts, where they are referred to as counsel, to draft documents associated with court procedure, and to give opinions, that is, specialist legal advice.

6. They are normally instructed by solicitors or other recognised professionals, such as patent agents or Legal Advice Centres, on behalf of lay clients.

7. A number of Specialist Bar Associations, also known as SBAs, support and represent members. Barristers are governed by the General Council of the Bar, known as the Bar Council, and the Inns of Court.

Choose one paragraph from the following reading that best suits each statement.

31. Law of japan

1. Civil law of Germany and France—was the model of the Japanese court system and legal system. However, after the Second World War, the Japanese legal system underwent major legal reform.

2. Constitutional law and criminal procedure law, which are most important for the protection of human rights, were revised by modeling American law. Therefore, it is possible to say that modernization of the Law of Japan was based on the European legal system that is a hybrid of continental and Anglo-American law.

3. Japanese Constitutional Law was adopted in 1946 after the Second World War. The Japanese Constitution contains thirty-one articles relating to human rights and it also provides for the separation of three powers: Legislative, Judicial and Governmental power.

4. The law of Japan was historically heavily influenced by Chinese law. Little is known about Japanese law prior to the seventh century.

5. Before Chinese characters were transplanted and adopted by the Japanese, the Japanese had no alphabet of their own with which to record their history.

6. Chinese characters were known to the Japanese in earlier centuries, but the process of assimilation of these characters into their indigenous language system took place in the third century.

7. This was due to the eagerness of the Japanese to transplant the culture of advanced continental civilizations, which was achieved mainly via adjacent countries such as the Korean Peninsular rather than directly from the Chinese mainland.

Choose one paragraph from the following reading that best suits each statement.