- •Передмова
- •Unit 1 Present simple
- •Task 4 Translate these words and word combinations into Ukrainian.
- •Unit 2 present continuons
- •B Moment of speaking
- •C Current project
- •D Temporary situations
- •E Slow changes
- •Production Task 1
- •Unit 3 Present simple vs present continuous
- •Exercise 1
- •In the following exercise, decide whether these situations are permanent or temporary. Put the verbs into the present simple or present continuous.
- •In each of the following sentences, put one of the verbs into the present simple or present continuous.
- •Unit 4 Simple past
- •Irregular verbs
- •Production Task 1
- •In 2002, a small shoe company lost a great deal of money. Then a new group of managers arrived and made it profitable. Say what they did, using the past tense.
- •Unit 5 Present perfect Key vocabulary
- •Unit 6 present perfect (2): ever, never, already, yet Key vocabulary
- •Unite 7 present perfect(3): for and since
- •For and since with stative verbs
- •For or since?
- •How long...?, for and since
- •Unit 8 Present perfect (4): continuous and simple
- •Ironstand is a company that manufactures exhibition equipment, and organizes exhibitions of books and magazines. Using the notes, continue the interview with the chairman of the company.
- •I’m sorry, I didn’t know that you were here. _________ (you/wait) long?
- •Since January, our turnover _________ (increase) by 18 %.
- •Unit 9 Review: simple past, present perfect and present perfect continuous
- •In the dialogue, put the verbs into the simple past or the present perfect.
- •Unit 10 Past continuous
- •Interrupted past action
- •In the following sentences, put one of the verbs in brackets into the past continuous, and the other verb into the simple past.
- •Unit 11 Past perfect
- •Previous and subsequent events
- •Unit 12 The future (1): will
- •Exercise 1
- •Exercise 2
- •Medicine in 2100
- •The world of work in 2100
- •Task Translate into English.
- •Unit 13 The future (2): the present continuous and going to
- •Exercise 1 Arrangements
- •Exercise 3
- •Task 5 Find the English equivalents.
- •Unit 14 The future (3): other future tenses
- •Exercise 1
- •Exercise 2
- •Changed arrangements – problem solving
- •(A) original schedule (b) new schedule
- •Exercise 4
- •2. Itinerary for Miss t. Wilson:
- •I was going to accept a job in Qatar
- •Unit 15 The future (4): possibility and probability
- •Exercise 1 Definitely, probably
- •Exercise 2
- •I think, I doubt
- •Exercise 4 Review
- •Task 3 Translate these words and word combinations into Ukrainian.
- •Task 4 Find the English equivalents.
- •Final business Grammar &vocabulary testS test 1
- •I. Vocabulary
- •II. Grammar
- •I. Vocabulary
- •II. Grammar
- •I. Vocabulary
- •Final business Grammar test
- •Навчальна література
- •Допоміжна література
- •Contents
Unit 15 The future (4): possibility and probability
Key vocabulary
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definitely probably / maybe/ perhaps probably won’t definitely won’t to be + (un) likely to be + (un) certain I’m quite sure that… I’m confident that… I expect that… The chanсes are that… I should think that… I shouldn’t think that… I doubt if… I doubt very much whether… I’m quite sure that + (won’t)…
current estimate to get the most votes to get on overall majority entertainment industry applicant tough negotiator
to attract many customers better terms consortium extra finance half-finished to relocate to sign the deal to win the contract to deliver take over the control of to do military service in the short term recovery to slow down taxation to do military service political uncertainty
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A Definitely, probably, etc.
We often use the words definitely, probably, and perhaps/ maybe to show how probable we think a future event is:
DEGREE OF CHANCE:
100% We will definitely increase our turnover next year.
75% The journey will probably take about an hour.
50% Maybe/ perhaps we will get some bigger orders soon.
25% The Financial Director probably won’t be at the meeting.
0% The shipment definitely won’t get there on time.
Notice that won’t normally comes after probably and definitely.
B likely to, certain to
We can also use the verb be + (un) likely/certain + infinitive to refer to the future. We use the present tense of the verb be and we do not say will be certain to. We use certain to to refer to things that we think are certain, likely to/ expected to to refer to things that are probable, and unlikely to to refer to things that are improbable:
You’ll meet Jane at the sales Conference next week. She is certain to be there.
(She will definitely be there.)
The final cost of the project is likely to be higher than the current estimates.
(It probably will be higher.)
The Bundesbank is unlikely to lower interest rates again this year.
(It probably won’t reduce them.)
C I think, I doubt
There are a number of verbs and other expressions that can show how probable we think a future event is. Here are some common examples:
HIGH PROBABILITY
I’m quite sure that…
I’m confident that…
I expect that…
The chances are that… they will give you a pay rise.
I should think that…
I shouldn’t think that…
I doubt if…
I doubt very much whether…
LOW PROBABILITY I’m quite sure that + (won’t)…
D Modal verbs
We can use may, might, and could + bare infinitive to refer to the future:
I believe that unemployment may/ might/ could fall over the coming months.
(For further information on modal verbs, see Units 23-26.)