Практичне заняття № 3

Тема: Рідне село або місце проживання. Мої друзі та захоплення.

Kherson

Kherson is the southern Ukrainian city. Kherson is the region capital, a large sea and river port and railway junction. It is situated in the steppe of the Black Sea Lowland on both banks of the Dnieper River directly north of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. If you want to go to the Black Sea it will take you 1.5 hours by car or 2 hours by bus. The city was founded by Prince Potiomkin on June 29,1778, on former fortification Oleksandrivskyi Shanets ruined by the Turks. It was named in honour of Chersonesus of Tauris founded by Greeks in the 5th century B.C. The first mention of Kherson in the chronicles occurred in 1737.Admiral Ushakov and his soldiers built many ships here in the 18th century and fought with Turkish army. Russian army won. In 1803 the town became the centre of Kherson Province. In 1944 the city became the capital of Kherson region. Among the city's architectural monuments are the remnants of the fortress walls and gates, the Black Sea Hospital, the naval arsenal (18th century), and the Cathedral of the Transfiguration (1781), the Greek-Sophia Church (1780), the Gates of the fortress (18th century), the Holy Spirit Church with a Bell Tower (1836). The climate here is dry. Winters are cold and summers are hot, and the winds often blow. In summer many people go to the river bank or to the Black Sea, and there are many fruit and vegetables: apples, cherries, strawberries, peaches, grapes, tomatoes, cucumbers, potatoes, etc. Population of Kherson is nearly 360, 000 people. And they work on the city's enterprises. Ocean tankers, freighters, agricultural machinery, electric machines, glass products are produced there. There is an oil-refining plant, fat-processing plant, and many wine-making factories. Highways, air and railway lines connect the city with all other cities of Ukraine and Russia. Today it is a large sea- and river-port. There are two bridges over the Dnieper which joins Kherson and a smaller town Tsurupinsk. There are wonderful views of the river and the countryside. There is fresh air and good climate, so manv tourists visit Kherson in summer. Kherson is over 200 years old.

It is a large educational centre. It has 4 higher educational institutions, 14 technical secondary schools and several research institutes. The total area of Kherson is more than 200 km; the most part of it is covered with parks and public gardens. There are two arboreta and the Botanical Gardens. 10 years ago the main branches of industry here were ship-building, textile and building of agricultural machines. But there is an economic crisis in Ukraine nowadays, so many factories closed down, Nowadays the main branches of industry are ship-building and mined food factories, but there is not enough work for all people. Those who work don't earn much. There are many good colleges and universities such as the Teachers' Training University, the Industrial University, the Shipbuilding University and the Agricultural University. There is a good drama theatre and a puppet-show. If you like palming you can listen to the philharmonic orchestra, can go to the Art Museum. There are good pictures of the painters of th 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. There are also many bars, cinemas, clubs, gyms and a swimming-pool. People sometime call Kherson a green city because there are many parks. The Kherson Region includes 18 districts, 9 towns, 30 settle 677 villages.

Vocabulary:

Ex.1. Transcribe the given words.

to protect – захищати

frontier– кордон

chronicles – літопис

remnants– останки

Cathedral of the Transfiguration – Собор Преображенський

public gardens – сквери

arboreta – дендрарії

freighter – грузове судно

oil-refining – нафтопереробний

highway – автострада

Ex. 2. Answer the following questions.

1. What is the geographical position of Kherson?

2. When was it founded and first mentioned in the chronicles?

3. What are the cities museums and theatres?

4. Is it a green city? Why do you think so?

5. What can you say about the population of the city?

Робота з текстом за професійним спрямуванням.

Ex. 1. Read and translate the text. Make a vocabulary.

Drugs

More people are abusing drugs today than in any other time in history of mankind, and many of those people are youth.

Understanding what drugs are is fundamental for understanding their potential abuse. Drugs are a psychoactive substance.

A psychoactive substance is something that people take to change the way they feel, think or behave. Some of these substances are called drugs and others, like alcohol and tobacco, are considered dangerous, but are not called drugs. The term drug also covers a number of substances that must be used under medical supervision to treat illnesses.

I am going to talk about drugs as those man-made or naturally occurring substances used without medical supervision, basically to change the way a person feels, thinks or behaves.

In the past, most drugs were made from plants. That is, plants were grown and then converted into drugs such as coca paste, opium and marijuana. Over the years, these crude products were further processed to drugs like cocaine and heroin and finally, in the 20th century, people found out how to make drugs from chemicals.

These are called man-made or synthetic drugs and include ecstasy, LSD, etc. These were initially manufactured for largely experimental reasons and only later were used for recreational purposes. Now, however, with the increased size and scope of the drug trade, people set out to invent drugs especially for human consumption.

For the first time in human history, a whole industrial complex creates and produces drugs that are meant to be used for the sole purpose of «having fun.» People use drugs just to escape the reality, to have fun. The majority of them are young, even very young, who do not understand what might happen to them because of drugs.

Vocabulary:

to abuse — зловживати

drugs — наркотики

mankind — людство

youth — молодь

substance — речовина

to behave — поводитися, поступати, триматися

to consider — думати, вважати

dangerous — небезпечний

to cover — включати, містити

supervision — лікування, припис

to treat — лікувати

illness — хвороба

plants — рослини

crude — сирий

to find (past found, p.p. found) out — знайти, винайти

ecstasy — екстазі (наркотик, що викликає почуття ейфорії, широко вживаний на дискотеках)

LSD — скор. від lysergic acid diethylamide ЛСД (наркотик, що викликає галюцинації)

initially — у початковій стадії, спочатку

recreational — розважальний, такий, що відноситься до сфери розваг, відпочинку

purpose — призначення, намір, мета

to invent — винайти

consumption — споживання

to escape — йти від реальності, відключатися

majority — більшість

Questions:

1. What is fundamental to understand the essence of drugs?

2. What are drugs?

3. What is a psychoactive substance?

4. What kind of drugs do you know?

5. What naturally occurring drugs do you know?

Граматичний матеріал: Присвійник відміннок (Possessive Case)

We use -'s (apostrophe + s) mostly for people or animals: •    Tom's computer isn't working.  (not the computer of Tom) •    What's (= What is) your sister's name? •    What's Tom's sister's name? •    Be careful. Don't step on the cat's tail. Note that you can use -'s without a following noun: •    This isn't my book. It's my sister's.  (= my sister's book)

We do not always use -'s for people. For example, we would use of ... in this sentence: •    What was the name of the man who phoned you?  ('the man who phoned you' is too long to be followed by -'s) Note that we say a woman's hat (= a hat for a woman), a boy's name (= a name for a boy), a bird's egg (= an egg laid by a bird) etc.

With a singular noun we use -'s:       my sister's room (= her room - one sister)        Mr Carter's house (= his house) With a plural noun (sisters, friends etc.) we put an apostrophe at the end of the word (-s'):         my sisters' room (= their room - two or more sisters)        the Carters' house (= their house - Mr and Mrs Carter) If a plural noun does not end in -s (for example men/women/children/people) we use -'s:       the men's changing room       a children's book (= a book for children) Note that you can use -'s after more than one noun:        Jack and Karen's wedding        Mr and Mrs Carter's house For things, ideas etc., we normally use of (... of the book / ... of the restaurant etc.):       the door of the garage  (not the garage's door)       the name of the book             the owner of the restaurant Sometimes the structure noun + noun is possible:       the garage door       the restaurant owner We say the beginning/end/middle of ... , the top/bottom of... , the front/back/side of ...        the beginning of the month  (not the month's beginning)         the top of the hill             the back of the car You can usually use -'s or of ... for an organisation (= a group of people). So you can say:       the government's decision    or    the decision of the government       the company's success    or    the success of the company It is also possible to use -'s for places. So you can say:       the city's streets       the world's population        Italy's prime minister

You can also use -'s with time expressions (yesterday / next week etc.):   •     Do you still have yesterday's newspaper?   •     Next week's meeting has been cancelled. In the same way, you can say today's / tomorrow's / this evening's / Monday's etc. We also use -'s (or -s' with plural words) with periods of time:   •     I've got a week's holiday starting on Monday.

Ex. 1. What is another way of saying these things? Use -'s.

1    a hat for a woman      2    a name for a boy        3    clothes for children        6    a school for girls        5    a nest for a bird        6    a magazine for women

a woman's hat       __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________

Ex. 2. Read each sentence and write a new sentence beginning with the underlined words. 1.    The meeting tomorrow has been cancelled.       Tommorrow's meeting has been cancelled.   2.    The storm last week caused a lot of damage.       Last ____________________________________ 3.    The only cinema in the town has closed down.       The ____________________________________ 4.    The weather in Britain is very changeable.       ________________________________________ 5.    Tourism is the main industry in the region.       ________________________________________

Домашнє завдання:

1. Скласти словник до теми “Моє рідне місто/село”, підготуватись до словникового

диктанту.

2. Опрацювати текст аза професійним спрямуванням.

3. Опрацювати граматичний матеріал, виконати запропоновані вправи.

4. Підготуватись до написання підсумкової контрольної роботи.