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9.2. Text connectors denoting contrast

although/ though/ even though/ in spite of/ despite/ but/ however/ nevertheless

9.2.1. Study the following examples.

Although the sands are very long, few people bathe.

The children weren't interested, although (though) the donkey rides were attractive.

Even though she disliked jazz she enjoyed the concert.

In spite of (despite) the bad weather we went out for a walk.

She speaks French well but my brother speaks better.

Allan seems capable as a financial adviser. However,I wouldn 't trust him with my money.

Ann's father gave her some good advice, nevertheless (but) she did not follow it.

9.2.2. Complete the sentences with one of the connectors denoting contrast.

1. This is a cheap pen,... it writes well. 2.....yellow looks good on you, it doesn't look very good on me. 3.1 put on my sunglasses... it was a dark cloudy day. 4. ... she has a job. she doesn't make enough money to support her four children. 5. I'm glad that my mother made me take piano lessons when I was a child ... I hated it at the time. Now I play the piano every day. 6. The earthquake damaged the bridge across the river ... they were able to cross the river in a boat. 7.... I was dead tired, I walked all way home. 8. Bob ale a large dinner ... he is still hungry. 9. I finished all my work ... I was very sleepy. 10.... her doctor warned her, Carol continues to smoke nearly two packs of cigarettes a day.

9.2.3. Combine the following sentences to show the relationship of contrast. Make the necessary changes.

1. A storm was approaching. The climbers continued their trek up the mountains. 2. I washed my hands. They still looked dirty. 3. I held a lot of studying to do. I went to the cinema anyway. 4. They have a car. They rarely use it.

5. He has a number of relations living nearby. He never visits them. 6. She said she didn't want to change her job. She may change her mind. 7. She doesn't enjoy her job. She works hard. 8. They were late. They didn't hurry.

9. The weather was bad. We enjoyed the outing. 10. David's dad did his best to teach him to drive. David failed his driving test.

9.3. Text connectors denoting reason and result (cause and effect) because/ as/ so/ as a result/ therefore/ that's why/ since

9.3.1. Study the following examples.

I bought an umbrella because I thought it wouldrain.

As it was raining I bought an umbrella.

Since it looks as though it might rain. I've bought an umbrella.

He was late so he ran to the station.

It was raining hard, therefore we didn 't go out.

It was raining, that's why we stayed at home. We missed the last bus and as a result we had to walk all way home.

9.3.2. Choose the correct connector.

1. As/as a result it was such a beautiful day, we decided to have a picnic.

2. It was his birthday because/so we decided to buy him a present.

3. As a result/since all the seats on the train were taken, we had to stand.

4. The banks were closed and since/as a result we couldn't get any money.

5. I didn't find the book very interesting so/as I didn't finish it.

6. I'm tired out, as a result/that's why I am going home.

7. George has got a new job, because/that's why he's so pleased with himself.

8. Since/as a result a diamond is extremely hard it can be used to cut glass.

9. Jim had to give up jogging that's why/because he sprai­ned his ankle.

10. Two of the three factories in our small town have closed, because/therefore unemployment is high.