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7. Word formation

7.1. Study the typical suffixes which form nouns from verbs.

- age -al

pass - passage arrive - arrival

- ment - sion

improve - improvement divide - division

- ance - ation

appear - appearance admire - admiration

- tion - ure

invent - invention fail - failure

- ence - ion

differ - difference confuse - confusion

- y - ee

recover - recovery employ - employee

Study the following list of nouns formed from verbs which do not follow the above patterns.

advise - advice behave - behaviour believe - belief

choose - choice complain - complaint die - death

fly - flight grow - growth hate - hatred know - knowledge live - life lose - loss

practise - practice prove - proof serve - service ' speak - speech think - thought weigh - weight

7.1.1. Make nouns from the following verbs. Check your variants with the dictionary.

admit develop interrupt protect

advertise disappoint introduce propose

announce discover invade punish

apologize divide invent qualify

apply educate hesitate receive

appoint elect marry recognize

approve employ mix refer

arrange enter operate refuse

attend entertain pass repeat

celebrate exist perform revise

combine explain permit satisfy

continue imagine possess solve

confess imitate prefer suggest

depart improve prepare translate

describe impress produce treat

7.1.2. Complete the sentences using nouns formed from the verbs in brackets.

1. The ... of America was made in 1492 by Christopher Columbus, (discover)

2. I can't tell the ... between butter and margarine, (differ)

3. Susie takes after her father in .... (appear)

4. The staff at this hotel is excellent. They give very good .... (serve)

5. The ... to the park is through the gate over there, (enter)

6. The American ... of this word is different from the British, (use)

7. We'll have to stay at this hotel. There's no .... (choose)

8. You need more ... if you want to speak good English, (practise)

9. The police said they were awaiting further .... (develop)

10. He can't get over the ... of so much money, (lose)

11. She accepted his ... for his rude behaviour at dinner, (apologize)

12. There is a... at the bottom of the letter, but I can't make it out. (sign)

13. I made an ... to see the dentist tomorrow, (appoint)

14. The film didn't come up to our ... at all. (expect)

15. It will be very helpful if you continue your .... (investigate)

16. She has a very wide ... of modern arts, (know)

17. The police suspect him of being guilty but they have no .... (prove)

18. The government is due to announce its economic ... shortly, (propose)

19. The college expects a high standard of... from its stu­dents, (behave)

20. Three boys in the school had the same name, which caused some.... (confuse)

21. My uncle was given a medal in ... of his service, (recognize)

22. This is the city's... district, full of cinemas and theatres, (entertain)

23. Can I see the manager? I have a ... about my room, (complain)

24. We should be ready for the ... at 5 sharp, (depart)

25. I can't give my ... today because I've got a sore throat, (speak)

26. He considered himself a .... He hadn't succeeded in anything, (fail)