
- •Экономический английский
- •Contents
- •Раздел 1……………………………………………………………………..450
- •Раздел 2…………………………………………………………………..…455
- •Раздел 3……………………………………………………………………..473 Предисловие
- •Методическая записка
- •Part 1 Unit 1
- •1. Business Is Booming Almost Everywhere
- •Vocabulary:
- •2. Lada Can Hear Its Rivals Gaining AvtoVaz' dominance faces a serious threat as foreign car plants spring up in Russia
- •Slow off the mark
- •Vocabulary:
- •3. Can Stringer stop Sony malfunctioning?
- •Vocabulary:
- •4. Carmakers Eye Romania Factory
- •Vocabulary:
- •5. Privatisation Plan for Swisscom
- •Vocabulary:
- •6. Siemens Steps up China Growth
- •Vocabulary:
- •7.Hsbc usa Posts Robust Earnings
- •8.Hidden Value Let Loose Chipmaker Freescale, spun from Motorola, is a prime example of the power of spin-offs
- •9. Philip Morris Moves To Boost Food Unit
- •10. Japanese May Aid Chemicals Industry
- •12. Azucarera Agrees To Acquire Puleva In 590 Million Deal
- •14.Poison Pill Defence For News Corp
- •Part 1 Unit 2
- •Section 1 producing the goods lead-in
- •15. Japan's Production Increases But Analysts Expect Slowdown Soon
- •Vocabulary:
- •16. Manufacturing And the Price of Outsourcing
- •Vocabulary:
- •17.JpMorgan Steps up Indian Offshoring
- •Vocabulary:
- •Section 2 costs and expenses, economies of scale
- •18. Eu Farm Agreement Reached, But Budget Questions Linger
- •Vocabulary:
- •19. Hitachi Raises Flat-panel tv Profile
- •Vocabulary:
- •20. Honda's 2nd Quarter Net Fell 8.5%
- •Vocabulary:
- •21. Ford Posts Record Results in Third Quarter
- •Vocabulary:
- •22. Ericsson Upbeat Despite Drop in Profits
- •Vocabulary:
- •Vocabulary
- •23. Latin America Starts to Compete
- •Its businesses are in better shape than its balance of payments might suggest
- •Vocabulary:
- •24. Bankless Banking
- •Vocabulary:
- •Stolen Jobs?
- •Vocabulary:
- •Part 1 Unit 3
- •Section 1 key economic indicators lead-in
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Texts to translate:
- •25. Eurozone Recovery Boosts Confidence
- •Vocabulary:
- •26. Is the u.S. Current Account Deficit Sustainable?
- •Vocabulary:
- •27. Data Show Europe's Economies Are on Separate Paths
- •Vocabulary:
- •28. Dormant for Now, Inflation Shows Signs of Awakening
- •Vocabulary:
- •29. Will This Slowdown Be Satisfactory?
- •Vocabulary:
- •Section 2 boom and bust lead-in
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Texts to translate:
- •30. Losing Balance and Monentum?
- •Vocabulary:
- •31.The Next Downturn
- •Vocabulary:
- •32. The Economy Is Too Darn Hot
- •Vocabulary:
- •Section 3 record highs and record lows; ups and downs lead-in
- •These words are used to talk about prices when they rise by larger amounts or increase quickly or sharply: jump, leap, roar ahead (up), rocket, shoot ahead (up), skyrocket, soar, surge (ahead);
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary practice
- •33. Russia's booming economy
- •It's not about just oil and gas
- •Saving and spending
- •Home grown
- •Too fast to last
- •Vocabulary:
- •34. Euro-Zone Prices May Heat Up Soon
- •Vocabulary:
- •35. Rise In Orders Fails to Lift Economy Gloom
- •Section 4 money management lead-in
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Texts to translate:
- •36. Tightening Has Begun To Take Hold
- •Vocabulary:
- •37. From t-shirts to t-bonds
- •Vocabulary:
- •38. G7 Cautions on Inflationary Pressures
- •Vocabulary:
- •39. Bank of Japan Pressed to Ease Monetary Policy
- •Vocabulary:
- •40. Fed Report Shows Economy Remains Robust
- •Vocabulary:
- •The Asian Crash
- •Vocabulary:
- •Part 1 Unit 4
- •Section 1 sellers, buyers, consumers, and key players lead-in
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Texts to translate:
- •41. From Market Driven to Market Driving
- •Vocabulary:
- •42. Cadbury Shakes up Its us Drinks
- •Vocabulary:
- •Section 2 marketing mix and target markets lead-in
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Texts to translate:
- •43. Saturated Retail Market Could Limit Expansion
- •44. Mobile Market Expanding Rapidly in India Country adding five million new wireless connections per month
- •Vocabulary:
- •Section 3 products, services and brands; upmarket and downmarket lead-in
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Texts to translate:
- •45. Lg's White-Hot White Goods
- •Vocabulary:
- •46. A Brand New Opportunity In the Empty Nest
- •Vocabulary:
- •47. Everybody Loves a Winner — or do they?
- •Section 4 advertsing and promotion lead-in
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Texts to translate:
- •48.Colgate Glides Past Stumbling Competitors
- •Vocabulary:
- •49. Electrolux Blames Fall on Paranoia
- •Vocabulary:
- •Chinese Imports Prompt Posco Discounts
- •Part 1 Unit 5
- •Financial instruments and stock exchanges section 1 raising finance lead-in
- •Texts to translate:
- •50. Stocks in trade
- •Vocabulary:
- •51. Ipsen ipo marks Paris high point
- •52. Swiss Machine Tool Group in ipo
- •Section 2 market players. Trading on the markets lead-in
- •53. Siemens Seeks us Expansion as adRs Launch
- •Vocabulary:
- •54. Bear Markets
- •Vocabulary:
- •Section 3 unveiling results lead-in
- •54. Russian Stocks Climb to Record
- •55. Treasury Prices Fall as Investors Return to Stocks Rally in Equities Markets Puts Pressure on Bonds
- •Vocabulary:
- •Vocabulary:
- •Section 4 derivatives lead-in
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Text to translate:
- •57. Future Perfect
- •Vocabulary:
- •Section 5 wrongdoing, corruption, insider dealing lead-in
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Text to translate:
- •58. Soros found guilty of insider trading
- •59. Toyota Faces Insider Trading Probe Around Share Buyback
- •Vocabulary check
- •Investors shun Fibernet after rights issue
- •1. What was the strategic decision that required the capital Fibernet raised from the rights issue?
- •2. Using evidence from the text and your own knowledge, explain why you think that Fibernet used a rights issue of shares rather than taking out long-term loans.
- •3. Examine the likely reaction of shareholders to this financing decision in:
- •Vocabulary revision – unit 5
- •Part 1 Unit 6
- •Section 1 types of accounting and the basic accounting equation lead-in
- •Vocabulary
- •60. The Power of Four
- •Imbalance sheet
- •Vocabulary:
- •Section 2 the balance sheet
- •Balance Sheet for Wal-Mart
- •61. Bank Reform in Japan
- •Vocabulary:
- •62. Asset Finance
- •Vocabulary:
- •Section 3 financial statements and the bottom line lead-in
- •63. Strong Fundamentals and Fundamental Analysis
- •Vocabulary:
- •Section 4 bankruptcies lead-in
- •Vocabulary
- •64. Bankruptcies reach another record
- •Vocabulary:
- •65. Bad Debts Build up at Lloyds tsb
- •66. Poor Planning
- •Vocabulary:
- •67. Turkey Outlines New Package of Radical Structural Reforms
- •Vocabulary:
- •Europe's Enron
- •Part 1 Unit 7
- •Section1 company structure lead-in
- •68. Tough at the top
- •Vocabulary:
- •69. Fit for Hiring? It’s Mind Over Matter
- •Vocabulary:
- •70. The Truth About Work
- •Vocabulary:
- •71. The new global shift
- •Vocabulary:
- •72. Firing the Boss
- •Vocabulary:
- •73. In the money
- •Vocabulary:
- •74. The rewards of failure
- •75. Executive Pay Soars But May Have Peaked
- •Mitsubishi Motors to rejig structure
- •Part 1 Unit 8
- •76. The physical internet
- •21St-century clippers
- •77. Negotiation Strategies
- •Vocabulary:
- •Troubled Waters
- •Part 1 Unit 9
- •78. Royal Insurance
- •Vocabulary:
- •79. Insuring for the future?
- •80. Papers, papers everywhere
- •Shop Around for the Best Car Insurance
- •Vocabulary:
- •Методические рекомендации
- •Основы реферирования и аннотирования. Практические рекомендации
- •Part 2 Unit 1
- •One world?
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text. Expand the debate on globalisation
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read the text and outline the key points.
- •2. Translate the text.
- •3. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. Global capitalism, r.I.P.?
- •Vocabulary:
- •«Globalisation»
- •Part 2 Unit 2
- •Trade winds
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text. The Harsh Truth About Outsourcing
- •It’s not a mutually beneficial trade practice – it’s outright labor arbitrage
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. The race for the bottom
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. Spoiling world trade
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text. Nothing’s free in this world
- •Vocabulary:
- •«World Trade»
- •Part 2 Unit 3
- •Bearing the weight of the market?
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. The future of the state
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text. Are the poor different?
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Translate the text.
- •2. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. Globalisation and tax
- •Shopping around
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text.
- •Inflation is dead
- •Vocabulary:
- •«Inflation»
- •Part 2 Unit 4
- •The “euro”
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text. Asking for trouble
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text. The Perils of Partnership
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. Euro Blues
- •In search of reality
- •Vocabulary:
- •«Europe. Economic and Monetary Union» Topics for discussion
- •Part 2 Unit 5
- •Worldbeater, inc.
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text. Behind america’s small business success story.
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text. Thoroughly modern monopoly
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make a précis and an annotation on the text.
- •Vocabulary:
- •«Business and Businesses» Topics for discussion
- •Part 2 Unit 6
- •Instant coffee as management theory.
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text. Why too many mergers miss the mark
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read the text and answer the questions on it:
- •2. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. Johannesburgers and fries.
- •Vocabulary:
- •«Management. Marketing». Topics for discussion
- •Part 2 Unit 7
- •A smoother ride, but less fun
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text. Dancing in Step
- •Individual stockmarkets are increasingly being driven by global rather than local factors
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text.
- •Investors in south-east asian equities
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read the text and outline the key points.
- •2. Translate the part “Do you want to be in my band?” from English into Russian.
- •3. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. Fixed and floating voters
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text. The uneasy crown
- •Making their case
- •Old hands
- •When the credit stops
- •Vocabulary:
- •«Financial Markets». Topics for discussion
- •Part 2 Unit 8
- •How safe is your bank?
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. The Collapse of Barings
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read the text and outline the key points.
- •2. Translate the part “Liquid refreshments” from English into Russian.
- •3. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. Central banks on the trail of the mutant inflation monster
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. Monopoly Power Over Money
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read the text and outline the key points.
- •2. Translate the part “Spot the trend” from English into Russian.
- •3. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. The lloyds money machine
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read the text and outline the key points.
- •2. Translate the part “Old news” from English into Russian.
- •3. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. Rattling the piggy bank
- •Vocabulary:
- •Лексико-грамматические трудности перевода экономических текстов с английского языка на русский.
- •Лексико-грамматические трудности перевода экономических текстов с английского языка на русский.
- •Методическая записка
- •Раздел 1. Сущность процесса перевода. Словарь и словарные соответствия. Узкий и широкий контекст.
- •Раздел 1
- •Раздел 1
- •§1 Определение перевода
- •§2 Словарь и словарные соответствия
- •§3 Узкий и широкий контекст
- •Раздел 2
- •Раздел 2
- •§1 Перевод некоторых категорий слов
- •1.1 Термины
- •1.2 Сложные слова
- •1.3 Неологизмы
- •1.4 Имена собственные и географические названия
- •1.5 Названия организаций, учреждений, компаний и их сокращения
- •1.6 Интернациональные слова. Псевдоинтернациональные слова. Понятие коннотации слова
- •§2 Перевод сложных атрибутивных конструкций
- •§3 Перевод заголовков
- •§ 4 Лексические трансформации в процессе перевода
- •4.1 Дифференциация и конкретизация значений
- •4.2 Генерализация значений
- •4.3 Смысловое или логическое развитие при переводе
- •4.4 Антонимический перевод
- •4.5 Добавления и опущения слов в процессе перевода
- •§ 7 Способы передачи некоторых стилистических особенностей в процессе перевода
- •Раздел 3
- •§ 1 Выбор грамматической конструкции при переводе
- •§ 2 Порядок слов
- •§3 Модальные и вспомогательные глаголы
- •3.1 May (might)
- •3.2 Must
- •3.3 Should
- •3.5 Have to
- •3.6 Can (could)
- •§4 Инфинитив
- •4.1 Инфинитив в различных функциях
- •4.2 Инфинитивные конструкции
- •§ 5 Герундий
- •5.1 Герундий в функции обстоятельства
- •5.3 Герундиальный комплекс
- •§6 Причастие
- •6.1 Причастие в различных функциях
- •6.2 Причастные конструкции
- •6.3 Абсолютная причастная конструкция с предлогом with
- •6.4 Причастие в функции союзов и предлогов
- •§7 Страдательный залог (пассив)
- •§ 8 Оборот it is (was)… who (that, when и т.Д.)
- •§ 9 Служебные слова
- •9.1 Since
- •9.2 While
- •9.5 Once
- •9.6 Well
- •§ 10 Артикль
- •10.1 Определенный артикль
- •10.2 Неопределенный артикль
- •§ 11 Сослагательное наклонение
- •§12 Эллиптические конструкции
- •§ 13 Обзорные упражнения
- •Список использованной литературы
§ 10 Артикль
Часто артикли в английском языке кроме своей грамматической функции несут и смысловую нагрузку. Поскольку в русском языке нет такого грамматического явления как артикль, переводчик должен использовать лексические и синтаксические средства русского языка, опираясь на контекст.
10.1 Определенный артикль
Определенный артикль, несущий смысловую нагрузку, часто переводится: текущий, нынешний, настоящий, действующий, тот, тот самый, этот, всё (все) и т.п.
Pirelli had agreed to compensate the shareholders if no merger was agreed by the end of November. - Фирма Пирелли согласилась выплатить компенсацию держателям ее акций (своим акционерам) в случае, если до конца ноября не будет достигнута договоренность о слиянии.
Часто при переводе существительных с определенным артиклем необходимы соответствующие фоновые знания, которые помогут дать контекстуально правильный перевод. Например, если в предложении употреблено слово the Depression, придется прибегнуть к лексической развертке и перевести это как Великая депрессия.
10.2 Неопределенный артикль
Неопределенный артикль, несущий смысловую функцию, часто переводится: один из, один, некий, какой-либо, новый, такой, известный, определенный, любой и др.
Как и в случае с определенным артиклем только контекст поможет выбрать верный вариант.
The Administration is miffed. Despite a strong economy, the president is low in the polls. - Администрации США (Правительству США) нечему радоваться. Несмотря на такой устойчивый (сильный) экономический подъем, рейтинг президента Клинтона невысок3.
Наличие или отсутствие неопределенного артикля может изменить значение слова. Например, a power - держава, power - власть; a few, a little - некоторое число, некоторое количество, few, little - мало, почти нет…
Few economists realize… - Мало кто из экономистов понимает… (Почти нет экономистов, которые понимают…)
A few economists realize… - Некоторые экономисты понимают… (Есть несколько экономистов, которые понимают…)
10.3
Артикли также могут указывать на место смыслового акцента в предложении. Это часто влечет за собой изменение порядка слов, так как в русском языке центр высказывания (на это часто указывает неопределенный артикль) обычно находится в конце предложения.
The deficit reduction program had a profound effect on the economy. - Программа снижения дефицита бюджета оказала на экономику страны большое влияние.
A deficit reduction program had a profound effect on the economy. - На экономику страны большое влияние оказала программа снижения дефицита бюджета.
Translate the following sentences:
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If there really is a new beginning, not just the same old new beginning, then the president will have learned the lesson of his predecessor's failure. He will be able, if matters go awry, to overcome ideology, and accept the premise that when it comes to checking OPEC and big unions and big companies, a certain, not unuseful, role can be played by government. |
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If this process continues, the USA will not have the auto industry, steel industry or heavy machine industry. They are disappearing. What it has in certain areas is underdevelopment. New England is one of such areas. |
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As Britain's deepest postwar recession continues, with industrial production plummeting and unemployment soaring at rates last seen during the Depression, fears are growing that Prime Minister's medicine may be permanently disabling rather than curing. |
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Democratic economists believe that at a time when business is operating with considerable slack, the nation could stand even larger deficits without much risk of accelerating inflation. |
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There was a time when the government leaders were well aware of this. |
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West Germany has now built up its trade to a position among the main suppliers to many countries in South East Asia. |
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The European Union's industry ministers Friday called for a link between all state subsidies to the steel industry and cuts in capacity. But they were unable to agree on a deadline for phasing out subsidies. |
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Some Planning Ministry officials favor an income tax not because the government needs the money, but because they believe Kuwaitis should understand the relationship between effort and reward. |
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The Bundesbank said Thursday that is does not see any room for a retreat from its tight credit policies despite an economic downturn, which has spurred repeated calls for _ lower interest rates to stimulate the economy and fight unemployment. |
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All this boiled down to a demand, not yet explicitly stated, for a program of aid and reconstruction on the scale being planned for Europe at that time by the incipient Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC). |
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The coalition began campaigning for a tax to get at excessive oil profits early last fall. |
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It is time for a decision: without it, in the end, there will be no possible solution. |
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An era has ended in West Germany. It lasted for 30 years and it was called "industrial peace". |
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An array of cheap government loans and services were made available to encourage investment in industry. |
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The merger trend is roaring full steam ahead in the world auto industry, on a scale not seen since the 1920s. Back in 1921, there were 88 auto manufacturers in the U.S. By 1928, only 32 remained. Today there are only 25 major auto manufacturers in the world. And by all indications, only a few of these will survive the next few years. |
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Few corporations are willing or able to risk the huge sums necessary to compete on a world-wide scale. So, corporations have been seeking partners in the production of vehicles and their components, some in order to survive, others in order to expand even further. |
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To the average housewife, who can see for herself that the prices in the supermarket are edging up, the Labor Department's bulletin last week was hardly a surprise. But few housewives, or their husbands either, were aware of another, "invisible" form of inflation - namely, reductions in the size of packages that are not accompanied by reduction in price. |
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Few other international problems have such a complex structure or such wide repercussions. |
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Patent costs are escalating and few inventors can afford to take out world-wide patents. |
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Few employees realize how thin is the thread from which their retirement security hangs. |
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There are relatively few small firms in the UK. |
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As a result, few pronouncements on the need for research are translated into reality. |
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Few have yet looked outwardly at the implications of introducing this new technology for society in general. |
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Certainly there was little evidence that he would be able to shift the State Secretary from his fundamental lack of enthusiasm for the project. |
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But there is little evidence that they have become effective coordinating committees. |
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The procedure leaves little room for the trade-offs and package deals. |
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It has become clear that there is little prospect of the huge concerns expanding their work forces. |
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Employment in public corporations was little changed. |
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Ministers had made a little progress on the question of how to handle affiliates of central organizations. |
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Employment fell a little in mechanical engineering. |