- •Экономический английский
- •Contents
- •Раздел 1……………………………………………………………………..450
- •Раздел 2…………………………………………………………………..…455
- •Раздел 3……………………………………………………………………..473 Предисловие
- •Методическая записка
- •Part 1 Unit 1
- •1. Business Is Booming Almost Everywhere
- •Vocabulary:
- •2. Lada Can Hear Its Rivals Gaining AvtoVaz' dominance faces a serious threat as foreign car plants spring up in Russia
- •Slow off the mark
- •Vocabulary:
- •3. Can Stringer stop Sony malfunctioning?
- •Vocabulary:
- •4. Carmakers Eye Romania Factory
- •Vocabulary:
- •5. Privatisation Plan for Swisscom
- •Vocabulary:
- •6. Siemens Steps up China Growth
- •Vocabulary:
- •7.Hsbc usa Posts Robust Earnings
- •8.Hidden Value Let Loose Chipmaker Freescale, spun from Motorola, is a prime example of the power of spin-offs
- •9. Philip Morris Moves To Boost Food Unit
- •10. Japanese May Aid Chemicals Industry
- •12. Azucarera Agrees To Acquire Puleva In 590 Million Deal
- •14.Poison Pill Defence For News Corp
- •Part 1 Unit 2
- •Section 1 producing the goods lead-in
- •15. Japan's Production Increases But Analysts Expect Slowdown Soon
- •Vocabulary:
- •16. Manufacturing And the Price of Outsourcing
- •Vocabulary:
- •17.JpMorgan Steps up Indian Offshoring
- •Vocabulary:
- •Section 2 costs and expenses, economies of scale
- •18. Eu Farm Agreement Reached, But Budget Questions Linger
- •Vocabulary:
- •19. Hitachi Raises Flat-panel tv Profile
- •Vocabulary:
- •20. Honda's 2nd Quarter Net Fell 8.5%
- •Vocabulary:
- •21. Ford Posts Record Results in Third Quarter
- •Vocabulary:
- •22. Ericsson Upbeat Despite Drop in Profits
- •Vocabulary:
- •Vocabulary
- •23. Latin America Starts to Compete
- •Its businesses are in better shape than its balance of payments might suggest
- •Vocabulary:
- •24. Bankless Banking
- •Vocabulary:
- •Stolen Jobs?
- •Vocabulary:
- •Part 1 Unit 3
- •Section 1 key economic indicators lead-in
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Texts to translate:
- •25. Eurozone Recovery Boosts Confidence
- •Vocabulary:
- •26. Is the u.S. Current Account Deficit Sustainable?
- •Vocabulary:
- •27. Data Show Europe's Economies Are on Separate Paths
- •Vocabulary:
- •28. Dormant for Now, Inflation Shows Signs of Awakening
- •Vocabulary:
- •29. Will This Slowdown Be Satisfactory?
- •Vocabulary:
- •Section 2 boom and bust lead-in
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Texts to translate:
- •30. Losing Balance and Monentum?
- •Vocabulary:
- •31.The Next Downturn
- •Vocabulary:
- •32. The Economy Is Too Darn Hot
- •Vocabulary:
- •Section 3 record highs and record lows; ups and downs lead-in
- •These words are used to talk about prices when they rise by larger amounts or increase quickly or sharply: jump, leap, roar ahead (up), rocket, shoot ahead (up), skyrocket, soar, surge (ahead);
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary practice
- •33. Russia's booming economy
- •It's not about just oil and gas
- •Saving and spending
- •Home grown
- •Too fast to last
- •Vocabulary:
- •34. Euro-Zone Prices May Heat Up Soon
- •Vocabulary:
- •35. Rise In Orders Fails to Lift Economy Gloom
- •Section 4 money management lead-in
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Texts to translate:
- •36. Tightening Has Begun To Take Hold
- •Vocabulary:
- •37. From t-shirts to t-bonds
- •Vocabulary:
- •38. G7 Cautions on Inflationary Pressures
- •Vocabulary:
- •39. Bank of Japan Pressed to Ease Monetary Policy
- •Vocabulary:
- •40. Fed Report Shows Economy Remains Robust
- •Vocabulary:
- •The Asian Crash
- •Vocabulary:
- •Part 1 Unit 4
- •Section 1 sellers, buyers, consumers, and key players lead-in
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Texts to translate:
- •41. From Market Driven to Market Driving
- •Vocabulary:
- •42. Cadbury Shakes up Its us Drinks
- •Vocabulary:
- •Section 2 marketing mix and target markets lead-in
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Texts to translate:
- •43. Saturated Retail Market Could Limit Expansion
- •44. Mobile Market Expanding Rapidly in India Country adding five million new wireless connections per month
- •Vocabulary:
- •Section 3 products, services and brands; upmarket and downmarket lead-in
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Texts to translate:
- •45. Lg's White-Hot White Goods
- •Vocabulary:
- •46. A Brand New Opportunity In the Empty Nest
- •Vocabulary:
- •47. Everybody Loves a Winner — or do they?
- •Section 4 advertsing and promotion lead-in
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Texts to translate:
- •48.Colgate Glides Past Stumbling Competitors
- •Vocabulary:
- •49. Electrolux Blames Fall on Paranoia
- •Vocabulary:
- •Chinese Imports Prompt Posco Discounts
- •Part 1 Unit 5
- •Financial instruments and stock exchanges section 1 raising finance lead-in
- •Texts to translate:
- •50. Stocks in trade
- •Vocabulary:
- •51. Ipsen ipo marks Paris high point
- •52. Swiss Machine Tool Group in ipo
- •Section 2 market players. Trading on the markets lead-in
- •53. Siemens Seeks us Expansion as adRs Launch
- •Vocabulary:
- •54. Bear Markets
- •Vocabulary:
- •Section 3 unveiling results lead-in
- •54. Russian Stocks Climb to Record
- •55. Treasury Prices Fall as Investors Return to Stocks Rally in Equities Markets Puts Pressure on Bonds
- •Vocabulary:
- •Vocabulary:
- •Section 4 derivatives lead-in
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Text to translate:
- •57. Future Perfect
- •Vocabulary:
- •Section 5 wrongdoing, corruption, insider dealing lead-in
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Text to translate:
- •58. Soros found guilty of insider trading
- •59. Toyota Faces Insider Trading Probe Around Share Buyback
- •Vocabulary check
- •Investors shun Fibernet after rights issue
- •1. What was the strategic decision that required the capital Fibernet raised from the rights issue?
- •2. Using evidence from the text and your own knowledge, explain why you think that Fibernet used a rights issue of shares rather than taking out long-term loans.
- •3. Examine the likely reaction of shareholders to this financing decision in:
- •Vocabulary revision – unit 5
- •Part 1 Unit 6
- •Section 1 types of accounting and the basic accounting equation lead-in
- •Vocabulary
- •60. The Power of Four
- •Imbalance sheet
- •Vocabulary:
- •Section 2 the balance sheet
- •Balance Sheet for Wal-Mart
- •61. Bank Reform in Japan
- •Vocabulary:
- •62. Asset Finance
- •Vocabulary:
- •Section 3 financial statements and the bottom line lead-in
- •63. Strong Fundamentals and Fundamental Analysis
- •Vocabulary:
- •Section 4 bankruptcies lead-in
- •Vocabulary
- •64. Bankruptcies reach another record
- •Vocabulary:
- •65. Bad Debts Build up at Lloyds tsb
- •66. Poor Planning
- •Vocabulary:
- •67. Turkey Outlines New Package of Radical Structural Reforms
- •Vocabulary:
- •Europe's Enron
- •Part 1 Unit 7
- •Section1 company structure lead-in
- •68. Tough at the top
- •Vocabulary:
- •69. Fit for Hiring? It’s Mind Over Matter
- •Vocabulary:
- •70. The Truth About Work
- •Vocabulary:
- •71. The new global shift
- •Vocabulary:
- •72. Firing the Boss
- •Vocabulary:
- •73. In the money
- •Vocabulary:
- •74. The rewards of failure
- •75. Executive Pay Soars But May Have Peaked
- •Mitsubishi Motors to rejig structure
- •Part 1 Unit 8
- •76. The physical internet
- •21St-century clippers
- •77. Negotiation Strategies
- •Vocabulary:
- •Troubled Waters
- •Part 1 Unit 9
- •78. Royal Insurance
- •Vocabulary:
- •79. Insuring for the future?
- •80. Papers, papers everywhere
- •Shop Around for the Best Car Insurance
- •Vocabulary:
- •Методические рекомендации
- •Основы реферирования и аннотирования. Практические рекомендации
- •Part 2 Unit 1
- •One world?
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text. Expand the debate on globalisation
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read the text and outline the key points.
- •2. Translate the text.
- •3. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. Global capitalism, r.I.P.?
- •Vocabulary:
- •«Globalisation»
- •Part 2 Unit 2
- •Trade winds
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text. The Harsh Truth About Outsourcing
- •It’s not a mutually beneficial trade practice – it’s outright labor arbitrage
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. The race for the bottom
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. Spoiling world trade
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text. Nothing’s free in this world
- •Vocabulary:
- •«World Trade»
- •Part 2 Unit 3
- •Bearing the weight of the market?
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. The future of the state
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text. Are the poor different?
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Translate the text.
- •2. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. Globalisation and tax
- •Shopping around
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text.
- •Inflation is dead
- •Vocabulary:
- •«Inflation»
- •Part 2 Unit 4
- •The “euro”
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text. Asking for trouble
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text. The Perils of Partnership
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. Euro Blues
- •In search of reality
- •Vocabulary:
- •«Europe. Economic and Monetary Union» Topics for discussion
- •Part 2 Unit 5
- •Worldbeater, inc.
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text. Behind america’s small business success story.
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text. Thoroughly modern monopoly
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make a précis and an annotation on the text.
- •Vocabulary:
- •«Business and Businesses» Topics for discussion
- •Part 2 Unit 6
- •Instant coffee as management theory.
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text. Why too many mergers miss the mark
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read the text and answer the questions on it:
- •2. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. Johannesburgers and fries.
- •Vocabulary:
- •«Management. Marketing». Topics for discussion
- •Part 2 Unit 7
- •A smoother ride, but less fun
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text. Dancing in Step
- •Individual stockmarkets are increasingly being driven by global rather than local factors
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text.
- •Investors in south-east asian equities
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read the text and outline the key points.
- •2. Translate the part “Do you want to be in my band?” from English into Russian.
- •3. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. Fixed and floating voters
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Translate the text.
- •2. Make an annotation on the text. The uneasy crown
- •Making their case
- •Old hands
- •When the credit stops
- •Vocabulary:
- •«Financial Markets». Topics for discussion
- •Part 2 Unit 8
- •How safe is your bank?
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. The Collapse of Barings
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read the text and outline the key points.
- •2. Translate the part “Liquid refreshments” from English into Russian.
- •3. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. Central banks on the trail of the mutant inflation monster
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. Monopoly Power Over Money
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read the text and outline the key points.
- •2. Translate the part “Spot the trend” from English into Russian.
- •3. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. The lloyds money machine
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Read the text and outline the key points.
- •2. Translate the part “Old news” from English into Russian.
- •3. Make a précis and an annotation on the text. Rattling the piggy bank
- •Vocabulary:
- •Лексико-грамматические трудности перевода экономических текстов с английского языка на русский.
- •Лексико-грамматические трудности перевода экономических текстов с английского языка на русский.
- •Методическая записка
- •Раздел 1. Сущность процесса перевода. Словарь и словарные соответствия. Узкий и широкий контекст.
- •Раздел 1
- •Раздел 1
- •§1 Определение перевода
- •§2 Словарь и словарные соответствия
- •§3 Узкий и широкий контекст
- •Раздел 2
- •Раздел 2
- •§1 Перевод некоторых категорий слов
- •1.1 Термины
- •1.2 Сложные слова
- •1.3 Неологизмы
- •1.4 Имена собственные и географические названия
- •1.5 Названия организаций, учреждений, компаний и их сокращения
- •1.6 Интернациональные слова. Псевдоинтернациональные слова. Понятие коннотации слова
- •§2 Перевод сложных атрибутивных конструкций
- •§3 Перевод заголовков
- •§ 4 Лексические трансформации в процессе перевода
- •4.1 Дифференциация и конкретизация значений
- •4.2 Генерализация значений
- •4.3 Смысловое или логическое развитие при переводе
- •4.4 Антонимический перевод
- •4.5 Добавления и опущения слов в процессе перевода
- •§ 7 Способы передачи некоторых стилистических особенностей в процессе перевода
- •Раздел 3
- •§ 1 Выбор грамматической конструкции при переводе
- •§ 2 Порядок слов
- •§3 Модальные и вспомогательные глаголы
- •3.1 May (might)
- •3.2 Must
- •3.3 Should
- •3.5 Have to
- •3.6 Can (could)
- •§4 Инфинитив
- •4.1 Инфинитив в различных функциях
- •4.2 Инфинитивные конструкции
- •§ 5 Герундий
- •5.1 Герундий в функции обстоятельства
- •5.3 Герундиальный комплекс
- •§6 Причастие
- •6.1 Причастие в различных функциях
- •6.2 Причастные конструкции
- •6.3 Абсолютная причастная конструкция с предлогом with
- •6.4 Причастие в функции союзов и предлогов
- •§7 Страдательный залог (пассив)
- •§ 8 Оборот it is (was)… who (that, when и т.Д.)
- •§ 9 Служебные слова
- •9.1 Since
- •9.2 While
- •9.5 Once
- •9.6 Well
- •§ 10 Артикль
- •10.1 Определенный артикль
- •10.2 Неопределенный артикль
- •§ 11 Сослагательное наклонение
- •§12 Эллиптические конструкции
- •§ 13 Обзорные упражнения
- •Список использованной литературы
§3 Перевод заголовков
Английские заголовки представляют особую трудность для перевода. В них гораздо более употребительны, чем в русских разного рода сокращения и пропуски; в качестве заголовка может быть использована фраза, взятая из середины статьи, и т.п.
Рассмотрим некоторые трудности перевода английских заголовков.
Иногда заголовок можно правильно перевести лишь после того, как стало известно содержание всей статьи.
В заголовках часто опускается вспомогательный глагол. В таких случаях прежде всего следует восстановить полную конструкцию предложения и лишь затем делать перевод.
Business Champions to See Prime-Minister leaders are to see the Prime-Minister. -Представители крупнейших компаний должны встретиться с премьер-министром.
Но так как русским заголовкам более присуща не глагольная структура, а структура, центром которой является существительное, то этот заголовок лучше перевести следующим образом: Предстоящая встреча представителей крупнейших компаний с премьер-министром.
Кроме вспомогательного глагола в данном случае был опущен и артикль. Артикли также часто опускаются в заголовках.
Иногда в заголовках опускается не только вспомогательный, но и знаменательный глагол, т.е. сказуемое в целом.
Talks Today on Steel Industry Pay Dispute = Talks on the steel industry pay dispute will start today. - Сегодня начнутся переговоры по вопросу о повышении заработной платы рабочих сталелитейной промышленности.
При переводе заголовков иногда приходится менять грамматическую конструкцию.
The Economy is Privately Owned. - В экономике господствует частный капитал. (Экономика находится в частных руках.)
Если заголовок представляет собой риторический вопрос, т.е. по форме это утвердительное предложение, но в конце его стоит вопросительный знак. В этих случаях мысль, высказанная в заголовке, как бы подвергается сомнению.
Prospects of Balance of Payments Favourable? - Действительно ли благоприятны перспективы платежного баланса?
В заголовках часто используются сложные атрибутивные конструкции. Ожидается ли улучшение состояния платежного баланса?
Round Table Talk. - Переговоры за круглым столом
"Buy British" Campaign. -Кампания под лозунгом «Покупайте только английские товары»
Иногда в заголовках цитируются чьи-нибудь слова.
The EU Link Is Basic To Us - the President. - «Связь с Европейским союзом необходима для нас». Заявление Президента.
Возможен и другой вариант перевода заголовка такого рода: Президент: связь с Европейским союзом необходима для нас.
В заголовках встречается большое количество сокращений, названий, имен собственных, различного рода реалий, присущих английской действительности. Во всех этих случаях необходимо пользоваться специальной справочной литературой и специальными словарями, как англо-русскими, так и англо-английскими.
В заголовках используются различные стилистические приемы: метафоры, метонимия, игра слов, ирония и др., а также литературные, исторические и прочие ссылки, что затрудняет их перевод. В тех случаях, где нет соответствия в русском языке, необходимо передать смысл либо дать разъяснение.
Building Societies Do Take an "Interest"
Здесь мы имеем дело с непереводимой игрой слов, построенной на различных значениях слова interest: доля, участие; интерес; ссудный процент. В данном случае переводчик может сделать выбор только с опорой на контекст после внимательного прочтения всей статьи. Здесь возможен ряд вариантов перевода, но поскольку слово «interest» заключено в кавычки, то можно предположить, что автор склоняется к фигуральному значению слова, поэтому самым нейтральным вариантом мог бы стать следующий перевод: ипотечные банки («строительные общества» - Великобритания) активизируют свою деятельность.
Down from the Ivory Tower (букв.: покинуть башню из слоновой кости) -Спуститься с небес на землю.
«Башня из слоновой кости» - литературная ссылка. Это выражение принадлежит французскому поэту и критику Сент-Беву (1804-1869) и является символом мира мечты, символом творчества, оторванного от жизни.
Exercises
Ex.1 Translate into Russian. Use the dictionary whenever necessary
cooperation accord; stock market; bulls and bears; interest rate; Thatcherism; venture capital; capital goods; feasible accuracy; cross-border acquisition; fair-trade acts; demand stimulation activity; overseas branch; cattle stock; capital stock; market share; ordinary shares; bill of exchange; exchange rate; deadheading; bank deposit; mineral deposits; high-cost firm; firm prices; blue chips; productivity gains; goodwill; housing; capital-intensive; industries; finished goods inventories; trained manpower; outstanding amount; bad debt provision; foreign securities; monetary targets; Dutch auction.
Ex.2 Translate into Russian. Use the dictionary whenever necessary
Big Bang; Board of Agriculture; Land-Lease Act; Bretton Woods System; Department of Defense; World Bank Group; Antitrust Division; Dow Jones; American Institute of Accountants; Old Lady of Thread-needle Street; Uruguay Round; Harvard Business School; European Union; Bundesbank; Foreign Office; Security Council; U.S. Department of State; “The Herald Tribune”; Price Waterhouse Corporation; Downing Street; Wall Street.
Ex.3 Translate into Russian. Use the dictionary whenever necessary
CAP; CEO; CIS; Fed.; GATT; Ltd.; Inc.; EMU; OECD; OPEC; R & D; SWIFT; VAT; ASEAN; BP; WTO; IMF; GDP.
Ex.4 Translate the following sentences:
1. The chief executive officer has always been a staunch advocate of the aggressive expansionary policy.
2. The still big credit outstandings of the company suggest they should keep a more accurate record of their expenses.
3. The board dismissed the newspaper reports about the economy gaining momentum as pure speculation.
4. The struggle is over how OPEC’s member-nations will share out the extra business as the cartel, with its big deposits, is called upon to produce ever more of the world’s oil.
5. Even before Thursday’s 5 per cent Bank rate increase the Chancellor did go for a reflation.
6. The country’s overall gross domestic product growth was falling behind predictions made early in the year.
7. One of the major revolutions in farming since the war has been the development of dairy herd as the major source of beef.
8. There are many contracts encouraging cost inflation and higher profits.
9. Technical exchange was to be expanded under the new Agreement.
10. The Government will have to pursue a policy of strict economies.
11. As the World Bank, a CAFTA partisan, suggested in a report in June, forecasting the economic effects of the treaty is more art than science.
12. After the war new measures of exchange control were introduced in many countries.
13. Low rates of productivity are also part of the reason for the pound purchasing less.
14. The shipbuilding consortium, Upper Clyde Shipbuilders, was forced to bankruptcy by the refusal of the Government to provide the money necessary to meet its immediate wages and material bills.
15. The Government is responsible for raising prices and bringing about the heaviest inflation of any major economy through enormous expansion of the money supply and credit without corresponding productive development.
Ex.5 Translate the following headlines:
Creditors Warned.
Aim to Stimulate Production.
New Wage Offer Accepted.
Significant Strides Made in the Manufacture of Producer Goods.
ICI Dispute Being Sent to Ministry.
Statistics Show Rapid Growth?
Rationalisation?
Help for the North-East Areas or Hand-Out to Big Business?
Mr. M. to go to Moscow in a Few Weeks.
Price Rise Unlikely – President of the Company.
Steel Company – Workers Sacked.
Italian Pit Strike.
The Wages Struggle.
Machinery Sales Organization.
Foreign Trade Figures in October.
Germany’s Familiar Tight Credit And High Interest Rate Policy.
Ex. 6 Translate the following sentences:
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The ultimate decision will test the president's overall economic policy and its practical application toward troubled domestic industries, as well as his campaign pledge to the blue-collar constituency in the auto-producing states. |
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The heads of state of the European Union agreed this week in the Netherlands on an anti-recession strategy that calls for lower interest rates and new spur to production. |
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Although other manufacturing companies are not faring as poorly outside the United States as the automakers, they are not thrilled about their earning prospects. |
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With their pay rise banned by the Government, the men have refused to cooperate with their employers in productivity measures to which the rise was linked. |
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But strongest of all the arguments is the huge profits the car owners have been making over the years. It is one of the ironies of the situation that just as their payrolls fall and their car outputs go down, all the companies are reporting record profits made for the past year. |
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His April Budget increases formed a very large part in the retail price index increase during that month. |
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The Treasurer introduces a Bill to implement the Government's plan to give preferential taxation treatment to life insurance companies. |
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The figures are in and they spell disaster - some 1,259,200 people will join the ranks of the unemployed as a direct result of the Administration budget cuts. |
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Coupled with the spending and tax proposals were changes in the federal regulatory process and monetary policy. |
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The steps announced in Paris, to take effect Monday, include decreasing the Bank of France's key money-market intervention rate to 10.75 per cent from 11.25 per cent, while imposing a 5-percent reserve requirement on nonresident bank accounts, French monetary officials said. |
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In the past few years coordination agencies have been created by the Government to include a Foreign Exchange Committee and an Internal Finance Committee; and the Central Bank and the Ministers of Finance, Commerce and State Enterprises exert some influence in this sphere. |
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The three month United Nations World Trade and Development Conference, which was attended by representatives of 122 Governments, was called the Little General Assembly. |
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If you thought that this latest increase in the index - which, by the way, does not reflect at all the Government-imposed postal charge increases - would justify a bigger wage increase, you are mistaken. |
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Paradoxically, the poll returns mean that he will be able to go ahead with his plan to introduce a pay-as-you-earn income tax scheme, which had been the main issue of the elections. |
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Far more questionable are the restrictions proposed for the state-financed unemployment benefit programs for the short-term unemployed. |
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The report listed a whole range of tax-deductible items available to companies, including company houses, yachts for entertaining overseas clients and even company racehorses. |
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"These supply-oriented policies are directed at the medium-term," the panel said, "If they are successful, it will raise the international competitiveness of German products". |
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The British P.M., who has spent nearly two years trying to force a reconstruction of the badly battered British economy, sees the next six months as a crucial "test of will" for a survival-of-the-fittest tight money, budget-cutting strategy for reducing inflation, inefficiency and the size and economic involvement of government. |
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Sanyo Electric expects to show record profit and sales figures for the year ending next Nov. 30, company president said Tuesday. He said after-tax profit for the period will rise. |