Key structures and word study

Ex 4 Give the four forms of the following verbs.

hurry, brake, break, blind, keep, pat, catch, breathe, hear, drive, grin, know, hurt, fight.

Ex 5 Use derivatives instead of nouns in bold type. Make other necessary changes. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. I'd like to hear them tell us what reception they were given by the local public. 2. It was very kind of you to send us an invitation to your party. 3. He was listening to my story with great attention. 4. I have great admiration for the activity and energy of the old worker. 5. Whose invention is the radio? 6. It's never too early to start prep­arations for the coming competition. 7. I failed to finish the translation in time; there were too many interruptions. 8. They haven't met since graduation. 9. You didn't really see the light go up in the empty house — it was only imagination. 10. I have nothing to say in addition to what has already been said.

Ex 6 Use verbs with the suffix '-en' instead of adjectives and nouns in brackets. Translate the sentences into Russian.

(a) 1. He — his steps when he saw the train approaching the sta­tion. (quick). 2. Long coats are not worn this year, you must — yours. (short). 3. The sky was slowly — in the East. (bright). 4. Travelling — the mind. (broad). 5. What does the expression "to — the pill" mean? (sweet). 6. Our street is being —. (wide). 7. His face — when he saw schoolchildren with flowers hurrying to meet him. (soft).

(b) 8. They met at college first and as years went by their friend­ship —. (strength). 9. She is a girl of fashion, she was the first to — her skirt, (length). 10. Something — the child and he ran crying toward his mother, (fright).

Ex 7 Paraphrase the following, using adjectives from the list and making all necessary changes. Translate the sentences into Russian.

thankless, truthful, hopeless, careful, careless, helpless, useful, joyless, joyful

1. He has never told a lie in his life. 2. This driver always breaks the traffic rules. 3. She is quite unable to do anything in the situation. 4. The tea party was great fun. 5. The football team lost the game and their journey home was sad and gloomy. 6. He never spends money on useless things. 7. The material you gave me helped a lot. 8. The wound was fatal and there was no hope for the man. 9. He hated doing a job that nobody paid much attention to and for which he would never be thanked.

Ex 8 In the following sentences compare the meanings of the words in bold type. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. (і) This summer my friend stayed in Kiev. (ii) I left Leningrad on Friday, while my sister stayed on for another two days. 2. (і) The woman held a baby in her arms. (ii) I saw the ice break and the man go under. I cried to him to hold on the best he could till I got help from the village. 3. The doctors said he hadn't much longer to live, but he lived on. 4. (і) We talked about the events of the past week. (ii) They talked on without paying the least attention to the noise. 5. (і) Boys will fight; they're just born that way. (ii) The difficulties were great, but he fought on.

Ex 9 Translate the following into English, using a different phrasal verb in each.

go on (2), move on, work on, drive on, walk on, swim on

1. Туристы продолжали идти. Им еще предстоял долгий путь. 2. Поезжайте дальше, а в конце улицы поверните налево. 3. «Про­должайте!» —сказал профессор. 4. Я крикнул ему, чтобы предупре­дить об опасности, но он плыл все дальше и дальше. 5. «Проходи­те, не задерживайтесь!»—кричали полицейские. 6. Он был спокоен, так как знал, что даже, если ему придется уехать, работа будет продолжаться. 7. У него было немало неудач и разочарований, но он продолжал работать.

Ех 10 Replace the Russian words by suitable English adverbs.

1. Don't walk so (быстро), I can't keep up with you. 2. The runner was breathing (тяжело), when he reached the finish. 3. The plane rose (высоко) into the sky. 4. Millions of tons of minerals lie (глубоко) in the earth. 5. Don't drive so (быстро), it's dangerous. 6. He pushed the door (сильно) and it opened. 7. You may have these magazines (бесплатно).

Ex 11 Translate the following into English.

1. He вешайте, пожалуйста, карту так низко, мы ничего не уви­дим. 2. В этом кафе можно недорого пообедать. 3. Почему бы не по­красить дверь в коричневый цвет? 4. Он молча стоял у двери и не знал что сказать. 5. Вы сами виноваты в том, что он так легко смотрит на жизнь. 6. Она тяжело переживала свою неудачу.

Ех 12 Translate the following sentences, using 'what' or 'everything (all) that'.

Model: 1. To, что он сказал, правда.

What he said was true.

2. Все, что он сказал, правда.

Everything (that) he said was true.

1. Повторите, пожалуйста, что вы сказали. Я не расслышал пос­ледние слова. 2. Он рассказал нам все, что знал об этом замечатель­ном открытии. 3. То, что он сказал, очень важно. 4. У меня есть всё, что нужно для работы. 5. Это не совсем то, что я имел в виду. Вы меня неправильно поняли. 6. Он прочитал всё, что мог достать по вопросу, который его интересовал. 7. Он внимательно слушал то, о чем говорилось на совещании. 8. Ему нечего было добавить к то­му, что было сказано.

Ех 13 Paraphrase the following sentences according to the following models and translate them into Russian.

Model 1: (a) Don't talk./Stop talking.

(b) Tell (ask) him not to talk./Tell (ask) him to stop talking.

1. Don't whisper, say what you want aloud. 2. Tell the children not to make so much noise. 3. Don't cry, it won't help. 4. Don't behave like a child. 5. Ask her not to disturb him so often when he is at work. 6. Don't remind me all the time about my mistake. It's unkind. 7. Don't make notes while I am reading the story, just listen.

Model 2: He stopped and looked around.

He stopped to look around.

1. He stopped and lit a cigarette. 2. She was reading but stopped for a moment and looked up a word in the dictionary. 3. The militia­man stopped the traffic and led the children across the road. 4. He stopped and greeted his friend. 5. Passing the kiosk she stopped and bought a newspaper.

Ex 14 Translate the following sentences, using 'stop to do' or 'stop doing' accord­ing to the sense.

1. Они остановились поговорить. 2. Трудно сказать, почему он перестал писать. 3. Она остановилась, чтобы сделать кое-какие за­писи. 4. Они остановились в пути, чтобы пересесть на другой поезд. 5. Врачи посоветовали ему бросить курить.

Ех 15 Study the following phrases and (a) recall the sentences in which they were used in the text and (b) use them in sentences of your own.

walk (move, etc) toward(s) some place; lead to some place; push sb (up) against sth; turn around; beside sb/sth; use sth against sb; stare (look) at sb/sth; turn the flashlight on sb/sth; take sb to some place; to look after sb/sth; get into a car; drive (walk, etc) off; be filled with wonder (fright, panic, etc).

Ex 16 Fill in the blanks with prepositions or adverbs. Retell passage (B).

(A) 1. Push the tables and chairs" — the wall to clear the floor for dancing. 2. The lawyer warned the man not to say anything that could be later used — him. 3. You've spoiled the form, throw it —, take a new one and fill it — properly, pay more attention — what you are writing this time. 4. As he stood — the street watching the house he saw the lights go — one — another, and suddenly the place became dark and silent. 5. Sunday mornings the whole family used to get — their old car and drive — — the country. 6. Is there anything interesting — this week? I haven't been — the movies — ages and I feel very much behind the times. 7. She was searching her bag and pockets — a two-copeck coin to make a call. 8. I am sorry I can't take you — the station myself. Just follow the road, it leads — the station. 9. I saw a taxi stop — the curb and started walking — it. 10. What did you say that —? 11. Come —! Nobody is going to wait — us. 12. I called — many book shops — search — a Japanese dictionary, but it seemed hard to find. 13. Add some sugar — the grapefruit or it may taste bitter. 14. His day is filled —. He attends evening classes — addition — the work he does — the day. 15. I was filled — admiration and — the same time surprised — the calm way — which she took the news.

(B) It was the year 1919. "It smells like America," the man cried, throwing his arms up — the air. "We're back home now."

Pledger McAdams laughed, but he couldn't speak. Happiness hurt his chest and paralyzed his tongue. He heard the white lieutenant call them to attention. The band began to play, and the Negro soldiers start­ed marching — Fifth Avenue. Pledger held his head high, but sometimes he turned his eyes to catch a glimpse — the white people — the curb — both sides — the street. They were carrying little flags with "Welcome home to our heroes."

When they were passing the public library Pledger looked —. — front — the library stood the Mayor — New York City, hat — hand, and a lot — big officers were — him, saluting the flags which were carried —.

The men sang as they marched beside Central Park to Harlem. Then,

— last, they turned — Lenox Avenue, their wives and girls broke through the lines and marched — them or took them — their homes — the nearest blocks. The air was filled — happy cries.

"Isn't your wife here, Pledger?" the man—him asked. Pledger turned — and shook his head. "I've got to wait a little while yet. She's — her people — Chicago."

He was filled — great wonder — what he had seen that day. Had things changed so much — his absence?

(After "The Great Midland"^* by A. Saxton)

Ex 17 Fill in the blanks with a suitable word. Use the correct form. Translate the sentences into Russian.

add, drive, behave (2), behaviour, fill (2), seem, hurt (2), climb v, search v, frighten, approach v, attention, careful, careless, proper, calm

1. When speaking of the incident he was — not to mention any names. He didn't want to — anybody's feelings, he said. 2. The speaker had covered the subject so well that there was really nothing to —. 3. Though I know her to be greatly disturbed by the news, she — in her usual — way. 4. It was a very old house and lots of things about it needed immediate —. 5. The news — her heart with sadness. 6. I'm not much good at — yet, I just got my driver's license. 7. He's either absent-minded or just plain —, I don't really know which. 8. I was sure that the explanation for his strange — was to be looked for in his past. 9. The storm had — the child. 10. He — his pockets for the note. It was nowhere to be found. 11. What's the hurry? Everything will come in its — time. 12. The boy — up the apple tree and — his pockets with apples. 13. The remark was sarcastic and meant to —, and it did. 14. He's a very understanding person and can be safely — on the sub­ject. 15. We were glad to hear that our friend had — extremely well in the difficult situation. 16. Though they had just met, it — to her that she had known him all her life.

Ex 18 Replace the Russian words and phrases by suitable English equivalents in the correct form. Retell the passage.

It was the end of May and nothing had been done during the (ис­текшие) five weeks about paying Kathyanne. Each time she spoke about it, Madgie Pugh (приходила в возбуждение) and said she (слиш­ком занята, чтобы обсуждать этот вопрос). That had been going on week after week and Kathyanne did not understand why Madgie (отка­зывалась) to do anything about it.

"I don't want to talk about it," Madgie said that morning when Kathyanne (напомнила) her once more that she had not been paid. "I've told you that we'll discuss it when the (подходящее) time comes."

"But, Miss Madgie," Kathyanne said, "I've got to get (по край­ней мере) part of my pay now. Aunt Hazel is ill. My brother's not work­ing —."

"Well, why isn't he working?" she (вмешалась). "It's those coloured people who (приносят все неприятности). Make your good-for-noth­ing brother get out and go to work!"

Kathyanne (не пыталась) to answer her. She knew better. She tried to think of some way to ask Madgie for the money without (расстраивая) her.

Madgie (поднялась) to leave.

"Miss Madgie," she said "Miss Madgie, please, it's about my pay."

"Oh, yes," Madgie smiled. "I'll be back, Kathyanne."

Madgie's manner had been so unexpectedly pleasant when she (упо­мянула) her pay that she wondered what such a sudden (перемена) (могла означать).

Madgie walked into the kitchen with an armful of old clothes.

She (рылась) among them until she pulled out an old hat which she (бросила) on top.

"There!" she said. "I'd almost forgotten about these nice things. These are very (дорогие) dresses. I hate to give them away." She looked at Kathyanne. "Don't just stand there! Aren't you going to thank me for all this? Say something, Kathyanne!"

Kathyanne tried not to show how (разочарована) she was. She knew she had to be (осторожна) about what she said if she wanted to get (no крайней мере) part of the money.

"(В чем дело)?" Madgie was looking at her (внимательно). "You (ведешь себя странно). You haven't said a word, Kathyanne."

"I can't take these things for my pay, Miss Madgie," she said with determination. "I (нужны) the money, I (не нужны) your old clothes. I'll just have to leave and (искать) a job somewhere else."

"You'll do no such thing!" Madgie cried. "I won't let you leave and tell the (всему) town that I tried to make you take my old clothes. I have a social position (которое мне нужно поддерживать). You'll slay where you are, Kathyanne. You understand?"

"But please, Miss Madgie —"

"You coloured people are bad in your ways, that's why you're always (задерживаетесь) in your payments and everything. (Сами винова­ты.)"

Madgie (подошла) a little nearer. Her voice (поднялся) in a loud hysterical cry. "I've wanted to say this for a long time, and now I've got the (возможность) (наконец). There's nothing I hate more than a dirty nigger!"

There was a long silence.

"I'm sorry, Miss Madgie," Kathyanne said in her clear voice, "but I can't work for you any more after this — after what you've said."

"I (предупреждаю) you Kathyanne Bazemore that if you walk out of this house now, you will never have another job in this town. I'll say you're (бесчестная), (лживая), and immoral. When I (покончу с тобой), you'll be out of work (до конца) your life."

Madgie was white with anger.

"I'll have to get along somehow," Kathyanne said (спокойно), "be­cause I'm going to leave. I'm sorry, Miss Madgie, but I'll have to now, I couldn't stay after this."

"I (предупредила) you," Madgie cried. "If you breathe a word of this — just wait and see what (произойдет)." She (спрятала) her face in her hands and began to cry. "Please say you won't tell. І (не смогу вынести) that kind of talk about me. (Обещай) you won't tell, Kathyanne!"

Kathyanne closed the door (за собой), ran down the steps, and then walked away into the bright warm sunshine of the May morning.

(After "Place Called Estherville" by Erskine Caldwell)

Ex 19 Speak on the following topics. Use the words and phrases given below.

1. Returning Home

the two boys: Caleb, 17, and Leo, 10; discover; be later than they thought; begin walking very fast; hurry along (down) the avenue (block); empty street; seem quiet and peaceful; not expect; an incident happen; be a turning point in one's life; remember; for the rest of one's life.

2. Stopped by the Police

hear a car braking; be blinded by bright light; be pushed up against the wall; be approached from behind; be ordered to do sth; follow the orders; do as one is told; turn to face the wall; raise both hands; keep one's hands in the air; be too frightened to speak; be searched; feel the policeman's hands all over one's body; hate every touch of it; perhaps; look for a gun; turn around.

3. Face to Face with the Police

Little Leo: be properly frightened; stare at sb; two policemen; young; white; self-important; be afraid to look at Caleb; be used against sb; follow the conversation; not be used to sth; admire one's brother.

Caleb: make an effort; fight down the rising panic; though; be frightened; behave calmly; be troubled; understand the danger; look after sb; get one's little brother home; reach home safely; be afraid of arrest; be careful in one's words; hide one's feelings; not argue; explain sth to sb; mention the boy's age; live in the next block; give the address; be allowed to go home.

4. Discussing the Incident

be faced with a problem; think sth over; know that sth is true; fail to understand sth; the colour of the skin; not be one's fault; be filled "with an awful wonder; hurt one's chest; paralyze one's tongue; wonder about sth; be unable to work sth out (for oneself); be disturbed by a thought; be determined to find out sth; suddenly; come to one's mind; break the silence; ask for an explanation; be taught one's first lesson in race discrimination.

Ex 20 Test translation.

1. Мы видели, как машина проехала по направлению к мосту и завернула за угол. 2. Он обыскал все шкафы и полки, но так и не нашел словарь. Он решил, что потерял его. 3. Ей можно разрешить пользоваться библиотекой. Она очень аккуратно обращается с кни­гами. 4. Он никогда не примет решения без тщательного изучения фактов. 5. Почему вы так неэкономно (неаккуратно) обращаетесь с деньгами? 6. У меня доклад почти готов. Единственное, что мне осталось сделать, — это добавить несколько фактов. 7. В этом году наша фирма получила ряд новых заказов в дополнение к заказам на­ших постоянных (регулярных) клиентов. 8. Он очень внимателен на уроках. Он не пропустит ни одного слова преподавателя. 9. Они всегда добры и внимательны к нам. 10. Интересно, кто первый обратил наше внимание на этот факт. Он действительно очень важный и тре­бует тщательного изучения. 11. Этот вопрос очень серьезный, и мы должны уделить ему должное внимание. 12. Мне бы хотелось, чтобы вы уделили нам немного внимания. Мы не можем обойтись без вашей помощи. 13. Не разговаривайте так громко. На вас обращают внима­ние. 14. Он не такой человек, чтобы обращать внимание на мелочи. 15. Мне очень хочется научиться водить машину. Как вы думаете, это очень трудно? 16. Она говорила довольно спокойно, хотя ей стоило больших усилий преодолеть волнение. 17. Скажите, пожалуйста, в какое время к нему лучше обратиться по личному делу. Кажется, что он всегда очень занят. 18. Не сердитесь на него. Он не хотел оби­деть вас, когда сказал это.

GRAMMAR