Степени сравнения прилагательных:

1. Односложные и двусложные прилагательные:

Положительная степень	Сравнительная степень	Превосходная степень
Small Large Big Happy	Smaller Larger Bigger Happier	The smallest The largest The biggest The happiest

2. Многосложные прилагательные:

Положительная степень	Сравнительная степень	Превосходная степень
Interesting Beautiful	More interesting More beautiful	The most interesting The most beautiful

3. Запомните особые случай образования степеней сравнения.

Положительная степень	Сравнительная степень	Превосходная степень
Old Far Good Bad	Elder Older Farther Better Worse	The eldest The oldest The farthest The best The worst

Exercise 62.

Образуйте сравнительную и превосходную степень следующих прилагательных. Не забудьте употреблять определенный артикль перед превосходной степенью прилагательных:

Hot _____________________________	Long ___________________________
Clever __________________________	Silly ___________________________
Red ____________________________	Black ___________________________
Thin ____________________________	Thick ___________________________
Nice ____________________________	Warm __________________________
Merry ___________________________	Small ___________________________
High ____________________________	Weak ___________________________
Heavy __________________________	Light ___________________________
Dry _____________________________	Clean ___________________________
Wide ___________________________	Deep ___________________________
Important ________________________ _________________________________	Expensive _______________________ ________________________________
Wonderful _______________________ _________________________________	Difficult ________________________ ________________________________
Bad _____________________________	Short ___________________________
Great ____________________________	White __________________________
Fat _____________________________	Cold ___________________________
Tall _____________________________	Strong __________________________
Green ___________________________	Dirty ___________________________
Brave ___________________________	Popular _________________________
Good ____________________________

Exercise 63.

Употребите прилагательные в необходимой степени:

1. The Vatican is _______________ (small) country in the world.

2. _______________ (easy) way to travel around London is by bus or underground train.

3. Jane has got _______________ (long) hair than her sister.

4. The _______________ (high) mountains are in Scotland and Wales: Ben Nevis and Snow don.

5. My _______________ (old) Brother is twenty-two.

6. This book is _______________ (interesting) than the red one.

7. Tom is _______________ (good) brined I have.

8. Kate is _______________ (old) than Bill and _______________ (young) than Peter.

9. Peter is _______________ (old) Child in the family.

10. Peter is _______________ (tall) than his father. He is _______________ (tall) in the family.

UNIT 4

Topic “Holidays”

Lessons 26-33

Exercise 64.

Найдите слова, которые не относятся к теме “Holidays”: national, to honor, to invite, popular, to prepare, public, customs, observe, to commemorate, parade, dinner, vocation, tradition, to be proud, anniversary, bonfire, origin, economic, famous, mistake, explain, obey, south, opposite.

Your answer: __________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 65.

Заполните пропуски, выбрав правильный вариант слова: adopted, custom, France, humor, example, laugh, April Fool’s Day, joke, writer, people, popular, television.

Дайте название тексту.

Many people think ________________ is the funniest day of the year.

This holiday originated in ________________. When the French first ________________ the Gregorian calendar in 1582, some people continued to use the old calendar and celebrated the New Year’s Day on April 1. These ________________ were called April Fools. The ________________ of playing tricks on this day became ________________ in France and then spread to many other countries. Whatever the trick, if you fall for the joke the prankster cries: ‘April Fool!’.

Most April Fool jokes are in good fun and are not meant to ________________ anyone.

Fixing a string to a wallet and leaving a wallet in the middle of the street. When someone tries to pick it up, the prankster pulls it out of the reach.

On this day of national good ________________, ________________ and newspapers join in the fun. British ________________ once told the story of a building that had been built upside-down by mistake. They showed ________________ of modern architecture which actually looked better when it was turned the other way. Many people must have been fooled, and perhaps, the architect himself was puzzled.

In all countries, in all times the best ________________ has always been the one which makes everyone ________________ especially the person on whom the joke is played.

The famous American ________________ Mark Twain said:

‘The first of April is the day when we remember what we are the other 364 days of the year.’

Text “Witches and Black Cats”

Прочитайте текст:

Witches were greatly feared by nearly everyone less than 300 years ago, and by some people in our own century. At Halloween, people believed they were at their wicked worst, and first blazed across the countryside to frighten them and other evil spirits away.

Superstitions about witches were indeed strange. It was believed that witches held big meetings which were very important. One came on April 30, the eve before May Day. It was called Roodmas in England and Walpurgis Night in Germany. The other fell on October 31. Halloween became the Witches’ Night.

What a gay time the witches had! They flew to the meeting on broomsticks. The party was led by the Devil.

Witches had special powers on this night. Heh! Heh! Heh! They laughed as they thought up all sorts of mischief. Bad luck! Storms! Ruined crops! They linked arms, kicking their hells and laughing. In the early morning, they rode their broom sticks home.

There were other superstitions. Witches used their magic to see into the future. They could change themselves into other forms. They could even casts spells over people and change them. They might change a beautiful girl into a snake. Witches were often in company with such things as owls, bats, lizard and frogs.

The witches cooked their magic brews in big black ports. These were called cauldrons. One of William Shakespeare’s famous plays tells of three witches mixing a magic brews:

“In the cauldron boil and bake;

Eye of newt, and toe of frog,

Wool of bat, and tongue of dog,

Adder’s fork, and blind-worm’s sting,

Lizard’s leg, and owlet’s wing,

For a charm of powerful trouble,

Like a hell-broth boil and bubble.

Double, double toil and trouble:

Fire burn, and cauldron bubble.”

If you want to meet a witch this old superstition tells you what you must do. Put your clothes on wrong side out. Walk backwards to a crossroads on Halloween night. At midnight you will see a witch.

Black cats were the partners of witches. Many people were afraid of cats. Some thought cats were the spirits of the dead. Others believed that witches changed themselves into cats. If people meet a cat, they asked: “Is this really a cat? Or is this a witch changed into a cat?”

The Irish had many superstitions about witches and cats. If they began a trip and met a black cat, they turned back. A witch was in their path. The trip would turn out badly. Even today, many people do not want a black cat to cross their path.

Найдите английские эквиваленты данных слов:

Символ	_______________	Угощать	_______________
Привидение	_______________	Добавлять	_______________
Испугать	_______________	Поворачивать	_______________
Отмечать	_______________	Суеверие	_______________
Верить	_______________	Возвращать	_______________
Помнить	_______________	Прыгать	_______________
Выбрасывать	_______________	Прекрасный	_______________
Выглядеть	_______________	Размешивать	_______________
Думать	_______________	Неприятности	_______________
Голодный	_______________	Гореть	_______________
Раздражать	_______________	Огонь	_______________
Наказывать	_______________	Встречать	_______________
Тыква	_______________	Знакомить	_______________
Получать	_______________

Переведите «волшебное заклинание» письменно:

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

Ответьте на следующие вопросы: в письменном виде.

1. When do Americans celebrate Halloween?

________________________________________________________________

2. What does Halloween mean?

________________________________________________________________

3. Is Halloween older than Christianity?

________________________________________________________________

4. What did people make to keep the ghosts away?

________________________________________________________________

5. Why do people keep the day?

________________________________________________________________

6. What are the symbols at Halloween?

________________________________________________________________

7. How do American children want to look like?

________________________________________________________________

8. What do they say when they go from house to house?

________________________________________________________________

The Past Simple (Indefinite) Tense

V+ ed, V2

? Did + V (Didn’t + V)

Yesterday, last year, last week, last Sunday, a year ago,

the other day, in 1996

Примеры:

They collected a lot of stamps last year.

I didn’t watch TV the day before yesterday.

Did she understand the play? – No, she didn’t.

Exercise 66.

Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках в форме Past Indefinite:

1. We _______________ (to work) in our garden all day yesterday.

2. I _______________ (to listen) to the radio until twelve o’clock last night.

3. He always _______________ (to want) to learn English.

4. Ann and I _______________ (to talk) over the telephone yesterday.

5. They _______________ (to live) in France for many years.

6. The meeting _______________ (to last) about two hours.

7. They (to get off) the train at a small station near a wood.

Exercise 67.

Напишите следующие предложения в отрицательной форме, и образуйте общий, Who и Why – вопрос к каждому предложению:

1. They stayed in Moscow all summer.

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

2. She planned her work well.

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

3. The crowd waited a long time to see the famous actor.

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

4. He worked in that Institute for many years.

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

Exercise 68.

Используйте глагол в скобках в Past Simple:

Yesterday Peter _______________ (have) breakfast at 8 o’clock in the morning. After breakfast he _______________ (walk) to school. In the morning he _______________ (have) there classes: French, gymnastics and history.

At lunch time, Peter _______________ (talk) to some of his friends, and in the afternoon he _______________ (attend) the geometry and art classes. Then he _______________ (walk) home, _______________ (cleaned) his room, and _______________ (listen) some music before dinner.

After dinner he _______________ (watch) TV for about two hours. Then he _______________ (study) for a little while and at about ten thirty, he _______________ (undress) and _______________ (go) to bed. It _______________ (be) a busy day.

The Past Progressive Tense

was/were + V + ing

At … o’clock yesterday, when mother came home, from 7 yesterday, the whole morning

Примеры:

We were playing chess the whole evening.

What were you doing yesterday at 9 o’clock?

Exercise 69.

Употребите was или were в данных предложениях:

1. The Titanic __________ going very fast.

2. We __________ sleeping in our room.

3. Another ship __________ passing a party.

4. We __________ not having a party.

5. They __________ not firing the rockets in fun.

6. The captain __________ sleeping in his cabin.

7. What __________ you doing at the moment?

8. My mother __________ wearing a nightgown and my father pajamas.

9. __________ the people crying? – No, they __________ laughing and joking.

10. What kind of music __________ the band playing?

Exercise 70.

Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках в Past Simple или в Past Progressive:

1. _______________ she (go) home when you _______________ (meet) her yesterday?

2. We _______________ (have dinner) when he _______________ (arrive).

3. When _______________ (see) him last?

4. What _______________ you (do) yesterday at 8 o’clock?

5. He _______________ (work) for this company for two years.

6. She _______________ (eat) a lot of meat when she was younger.

7. I _______________ (sleep) when you _______________ (phone).

8. How fast _______________ you (drive) when the accident _______________ (happen)?

Exercise 71.

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple или в Past Progressive:

1. When I _____ __________ (to come) home, my little sister _______________ (to sleep).

2. When Nick _______________ (to come) home, his brother _______________ (to play) with his toys.

3. When mother _______________ (to come) home, I _______________ (to do) my homework.

4. When father _______________ (to come) home, Pete _______________ (to sleep).

5. When mother _______________ (to come) home, the children _______________ (to play) on the carpet.

6. 6. When I _______________ (to get) up, my mother and father _______________ (to drink) tea.

7. 7. When I _______________ (to come) to my friend’s place, he _______________ (to watch) TV.

8. When I _______________ (to see) my friends, they _______________ (to play) football.

9. When I _______________ (to open) the door, the cat _______________ (to sit) on the table.

10. When Kate _______________ (to open) the door, the children _______________ (to dance) round the fir tree.

11. When Tom _______________ (to cross) the street, he _______________ (to fall).

The Future Simple (Indefinite) Tense

Will/shall (I, we) + V (Won’t/shan’t + V)

Exercise 72.

Употребите глаголы в скобках в Future Indefinite:

1. I _______________ (be) in St. Petersburg tomorrow morning.

2. I _______________ (know) the result in a day.

3. When _______________ he (come) back?

4. Tomorrow I _______________ (apologize) to him.

5. I _______________ (not see) him again for a long time.

6. I am sure I _______________ (recognize) him.

7. It _______________ (snow) and a strong wind _______________ (blow).

8. When _______________ you _______________ (know) the results?

9. Why _______________ she _______________ (go) there by bus?